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Ch 6
| Question | Answer | |
|---|---|---|
| Four major functional characteristics | Contractility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity | |
| The ability of skeletal muscles to shorten with force | Contractility | |
| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability | |
| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility | |
| Ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity | |
| Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the | Epimysium | |
| Another connective tissue located outside the epimysium. Surrounds & separates muscles. | Fascia | |
| Threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | Myofibrils | |
| The fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called | Fibers | |
| Myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers: | Actin & myosin myofilaments | |
| Thin myofilaments | Actin myofilaments | |
| Thick myofilaments | Myosin myofilaments | |
| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called | Sarcomeres | |
| What is the basic structural and functional unity of the muscle? | The Sarcomere | |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons | |
| Occurs as actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing the sarcomeres to shorten. | Muscle contraction | |
| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers | Muscle twitch | |
| ⢠is needed for energy for muscle contraction ⢠is produced in the mitochondria ⢠is short-lived and unstable | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | |
| Without oxygen | Anaerobic respiration | |
| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion is the | Belly | |
| The _____ is the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion | |
| The ____ is the most stationary end of the muscle | Origin | |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called | Synergists | |
| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | Antagonists | |
| Most muscles have names that are | Descriptive | |
| Some muscles are named according to their | Location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function, etc. | |
| Occipitofrontalis | Raises the eyebrows | |
| Orbicularis oculi | Closes the eyelid and causes "crow feet" | |
| Orbicularis oris | Puckers the lips | |
| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks | |
| Zygomaticus | Smiling muscle | |
| Levator labor superioris | Sneering | |
| Depressor Anguli oris | Frowning | |
| Mastication | Chewing | |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pairs of ptertygoids, temporalis, and masseter | |
| Change the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic tongue muscles | |
| Move the tongue | Extrinsic tongue muscles | |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Lateral neck muscle and prime mover | |
| Group of muscles on each side of the back | Erector spinae | |
| Elevate the ribs during inspiration | External intercostals | |
| Contract during forced expiration | Internal intercostals | |
| Diaphragm | Accomplished quiet breathing | |
| Trapezius | Rotates scapula | |
| Serratus anterior | Pulls scapula anteriorly | |
| Pectoralis major | Adducts and flexes the arm | |
| Latissimus dorsi | Medially rotates, adducts, & powerfully extends the arm | |
| Deltoid | Attaches the humerus to he scapula and clavicle, major abductor of the upper limb | |
| Triceps brachii | Extends the forearm | |
| Biceps brachii | Flexes the forearm | |
| Brachioradialis | Flexes and supinates the forearm | |
| Flexor carpi | Flexes the wrist | |
| Extensor carpi | Extends the wrist | |
| Flexor digitorum | Flexes the fingers | |
| Extensor digitorum | Extends the fingers | |
| 19 hand muscles | Intrinsic hand muscles | |
| Interossi muscles | Located between the metacarpals. Responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers | |
| Gluteus maximus | Buttocks | |
| Gluteus medius | Hip muscle and common injection site | |
| Quadriceps femoris | Extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles | |
| Sartorius | Flexes the thigh "tailors muscle" | |
| Hamstring | Muscles- posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh | |
| Gastrocnemius and soleus | Form the calf muscle | |
| Calcaneal tendon | Flex the foot and toes | |
| Peroneus | The lateral muscles of the leg | |
| Intrinsic foot muscles | 20 muscles located within the foot | |
| Extends the length of the myosin | The A band | |
| Center of each sarcomere, consists of only myosin | H zone | |
| Change difference across the membrane | Resting membrane potential | |
| The brief reversal back of the charge | Action potential | |
| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons | |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | Motor unit | |
| The enlarged nerve terminal | Presynaptic terminal | |
| The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is | Synaptic cleft | |
| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany | |
| The increase in number of motor units being activated is called | Recruitment |
Created by:
Codyjrowe
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