Epithelial Tissue
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| What is the name for a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity? | Epithelial Tissue
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| What are the two forms of Epithelial Tissue? | Covering and lining, glandular
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| This forms the outer layer of the skin; lines open cavities of the digestive and respiratory systems; covers the walls of organs of the closed ventral body cavity. | lining epithelium
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| This surrounds glands within the body. | Glandular epithelium
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| What are the five main characteristics of epithelial tissue? | 1. Polarity 2. Specialized contacts 3. Supported by connective tissue 4. Avascular and innervated 5. Regeneration
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| What do all epithelia have in common? | They all have an apical surface and a lower attached basal surface.
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| What do most apical surfaces have to increase surface area? | Microvilli
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| Give two examples of tissue that has "brush border" due to microvilli. | Epithelial lining of the intestine and kidney tubules.
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| What are the hairlike projections on some epithelia? | Cilia
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| What is the purpose of the cilia? | The hairlike projections push substances along their free surfaces.
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| What is next to the basal surface? | Basal lamina
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| What is the purpose of the basal lamina? | thin supportive sheet that acts as a filter allowing and inhibiting certain molecules from passing into the epithelium
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| What do epithelia use to fit close together? | tight junctions and desmosomes
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| What forms the closest contact between cells and helps keeps proteins in the apical region of the plasma membrane? | Tight junctions
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| What connect the plasma membrane to intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm | Desmosomes
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| What is deep to the basal lamina? | reticular lamina
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| What is the purpose of the reticular lamina? | It is an extracellular material containing collagen protein fiber that forms the basement membrane.
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| What is the purpose of the basement membrane? | It reinforces the epithelium and helps it resist stretching and tearing.
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| Is epithelium vascular or avascular? | avascular (contains no blood vessels)
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| What is epithelium innervated with? | Nerve fibers
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| Explain the epithelia regenerative quality. | Epithelia have a high regenerative capacity and can reproduce rapidly as long as they receive adequate nutrition.
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| What are the types of epithelium? | Simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, transitional, pseudostratified columnar, stratified cuboidal, stratified squamous
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| How do epithelia derive their names? | The first name indicates the number of cell layers. The second name describes the shape of its cell.
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| Based on the number of cell layers epithelia can be ________ or _______ | simple or stratified
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| Describe structure and function of simple epithelia | consist of a single layer (found where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur).
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| Describe the structure and function of stratified epithelia. | composed of two or more cell layers stacked on top of each other (typically found in high abrasion areas where protection is needed).
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| Why are there three ways to describe the shape and height of epithelial cells? | All epithelial cells have six sides but they vary in height.
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| Describe squamous cells. | Flat and scale-like
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| Describe cuboidal cells | box-like with same height and width
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| Describe columnar cells | tall and column shaped
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| Where is simple squamous epithelium found? | where filtration occurs, kidneys, lungs
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| What are the two simple squamous epithelia in the body that have special names reflecting their location? | Endotheliumm mesothelium
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| Describe endothelium. | provides friction reducing lining in lymphatic vessels and all hollow organs of the cardiovascular system, heart, blood vessels, capillaries
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| Describe mesothelium | the epithelium found in serous membranes, lining the ventral body cavity and covering the organs within it.
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| Where is simple columnar epithelium found? | A single layer of tall closely packed cells that line the digestive tract from the stomach to the rectum.
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| What are the functions of simple columnar epithelium? | Absorption and secretion.
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| Name some characteristics of simple columnar epithelium | They contain dense microvilli on their apical surface. Some may display cilia on their free surface.
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| Where are pseudostratified columnar epithelium found? | All of their cells rest on the basement membrane and only the tallest reach the apical surface. Respiratory tract.
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| Name a quality of pseudostratified columnar epithelium. | Most contain cilia on their apical surface and line the respiratory tract.
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| What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium? | protection. it forms the external part of the skin and extends into every body opening that's continuous with the skin.
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| Name the two types of stratified squamous epithelium | keratinized and nonkeratinized
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| Is the outer layer of the skin (epidermis) keratinized or non keratinized? | keratinized, has the protein keratin for protection
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| Where is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium found? | Inside the body
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| How prevalent is stratified cuboidal epithelium in the human body? | it is rare
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| Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium found? | Ducts of glands, sweat, mammary.
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| How many layers of cuboidal cells does stratified cuboidal epithelium have? | two
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| How prevalent is stratified columnar epithelium? | rare
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| Where is stratified columnar epithelium found? | pharynx, male urethra, lining of some glandular ducts. transition areas (junctions) between other epithelial types.
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| Where is transitional epithelium found? | hollow urinary organs which stretch as they fill with urine.
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Created by:
amy wiseman
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