Chapter 15
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| Libel | False written or published statements that damage a person's reputation. Pg 861
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| Slander | False speech that damages a person's reputation. Pg. 874
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| Defamation | False expression that injures a person's reputation. Pg. 852
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| Loving v Virginia | A civil rights decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, which invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage. Pg. 461
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| Wiretapping | an act or instance of tapping telephone or telegraph wires for evidence or other information. Pg. 879
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| Affirmative Action | Policies that give preference to women or minorities for jobs, promotions, admission to schools, or other benefits, in order to make up for past or current discrimination. Pg. 844
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| Prior Restraint | Censorship of information before it is published. Pg. 869
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| Secular | nonreligious; not associated with any faith based organization. Pg. 873
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| Commercial Speech | Speech where the speaker is more likely to be engaged in commerce and the intended audience is commercial, actual, or potential consumers. Pg. 849
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| Substantive Due Process | the principle requiring that a government action not unreasonably interfere with a fundamental or basic right. Pg. 876
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| Gag Order | An order by a judge barring the press from publishing certain types of information about a pending court case. Pg. 857
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| Seditious Speech | speech urging the resistance to lawful authority or advocating the overthrow of the government. Pg. 873
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| Graven Image | an idol or physical object of worship. Pg. 857
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| Selective Incorporation | the process by which the Supreme Court decided on a case-by-case basis which federal rights also applied to the states. Pg. 873
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| Rational Basis | a standard of judicial review that examines whether a legislature had a reasonable and not an arbitrary reason for enacting a particular statute. Pg. 461
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| Sequester | to hold in isolation. Pg. 873
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| Establishment Clause | guarantee that prohibits state and federal governments from setting up churches, passing laws aiding one or all religions or favoring one religion over another,or passing laws requiring attendance at any church or belief in any religious state. Pg. 855
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| Procedural Due Process | the fair administration of justice. Pg. 869
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| Fourteenth Amendment Provisions and importance | major provisions TheCitizenshipClausegranted citizenship to all persons born United States.TheDueProcessClausestates can not deny any personlife, liberty/property, without dueprocess of law. EqualProtectionClausenotdeny to any person within itsjurisdictio
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| Engel v Vale | No prayer can be forced in a school by teacher and dun violates the establishment clause. Pg. 455
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| Fighting Words | Words Spoken face-to-face that are likely to cause immediate violence. Pg. 856
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| Reynolds v United States | U.S. Supreme Court case that held that religious duty was not a defense to a criminal indictment. Pg. 457
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| Substantial Relationship Clause | A standard of judicial review that examines whether there is a close connection between the law or practice and its purpose; specifically, laws that classify based on gender must serve an important governmental purpose. Pg. 876
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| Roe v Wade | Decision by the U.S. Supreme Court on the issue of abortion. ruled unconstitutional a state law that banned abortions except to save the life of the mother. Pg. 476
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| " a wall of separation between church and state" | Phrase used by Thomas Jefferson and others expressing an understanding of the intent and function of the Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause of 1st Amendment to the Constitution of the U.S.
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| How can government guarantee both freedom of the press and the right to a fair speedy trial? | The government could provide facts on the trial so as to cut down on the speculation aspect of press and media attention
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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