Metabolism
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| carbohydrates are derived from... | plants
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| what is the carbohydrate molecule used as fuel to produce ATP? | glucose
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| what happens to excess glucose? | converted to glycogen - stored for later use
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| complex carbohydrates are __ such as ___ | starches - bread, sugar, flour pasta
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| which type of carbohydrate digests quicker? | simple carohydrates
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| shortage of glucose can... | depress brain function
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| simple carbohydrates are ___ such as ___ | sugars - carbonated drinks, candy, fruit, icecream
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| ___ is a major energy fuel for hepatocytes & skeletal muscles, ATP synthesis, body insulation, and protective padding | trigyclerides
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| lipids help absorb... | fat-soluble vitamins
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| the healthy fatty acids are called... | omega 3 fatty acids
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| fish oil, vegetable oil (canola, soy) and walnuts are known as... | omega 3 fatty acids
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| eggs, milk, milk products are known as ___ proteins | complete
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| incomplete proteins are things like... | legumes, nuts, seeds , grains
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| in order to make a protein you must... | have all 10 amino acids
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| for optimal protein synthesis, the body must... | supply enough carb/fat calories for ATP production
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| minerals.... | work with other nutrients to ensure smooth functioning of the body
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| __ are organic compounds needed for growth & good health | vitamins
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| vitamins function as ___which... | coenzymes - act with an enzyme to accomplish a particular task
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| the only 3 vitamins that are made in the body are vitamins... | B, D & K
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| the B and C vitamins are known as... | fat-soluble vitamins
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| vitamins A, D, E and K are considered __ vitamins | water-soluble
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| vitamin A is an...which functions in... | antioxidant, visual pigment
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| vitamin E... | antioxidant - prevents damage to cell membrane
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| an antioxidant... | neutralizes damaging free radicals
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| this vitamin removes CO2 | B1
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| which vitamin has components of FAD and FMN? | B2
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| vitamin B3 is a component of... | NAD
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| vitamin B5 is a component of... | acetyCOA
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| this vitamin is a coenyzme in nucelic acid metabolism... | B12
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| vitamin C is an antioxidant that functions in... | synthesis of bone and cartilage
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| what mineral(s) function in bone & teeth formation? | calcium & phosphorus
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| magnesium is a mineral used for... | ATP bioenergetics
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| this mineral functions in nerve function & water balance | potassium
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| sodium is a mineral that... | keeps water in the body
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| cholorine is a __ mineral | acid/base balance
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| the 3 trace minerals are... | iron, cobalt & iodine
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| iron is a trace mineral that... | forms hemoglobin
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| which trace mineral is a component of thyroid hormone? | iodine
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| cobalt is a component of... | B12
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| all food carbohydrates are eventually transformed to... | glucose
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| glycogenesis is when... | extra glucose is linked together to form glycogen
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| glycogenesis occurs in the ___ when glucose levels are.. | liver & skeletal muscles - high
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| glycogenolysis is ... | breaking down glycogen to release glucose for energy
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| ___ converts fats & amino acids to glucose... | glucogeogenesis
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| glucogeogenesis occurs when.... | glucose reserves are used up - glucose levels begin to drop
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| ___ protects the body from damaging nervous system by ensuring ATP synthesis can continue | gluconeogenesis
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| lipolysis breaks down... | lipids to fatty acids & glycerol
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| ___ is how we store excess calories | lipogenesis
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| ___ converts fatty acids --> acetylcoA | beta oxidation
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| how do we get energy from fat? | krebs citric cycle
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| ketogenesis is when the liver converts.. | acetycoA --> ketone bodies
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| if you're not using carbs to make energy...what is made? | ketone bodies
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| when ketone bodies accumulate in the blood, this results in... which then leads to ___ | ketosis --> metabolic acidosis
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| when amino group is switched from an amino acid to a keto acid this is known as... | transamination
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| oxidative deamination is when.... | an amine group is removed
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| the absorptive state takes place when... | body is fed - during or after eating
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| main hormone in absorptive state... | insulin
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| main hormone in post-absorptive state... | glucagon
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| this state is known as the fasting state when body is running off of stored supplies... | post-absorptive state
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| known as the good cholesterol... | HDL - removes cholesterol from the tissues
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| LDL is known as the ___ cholesterol, which... | bad - delivers cholesterol to the tissues
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| you gain weight when your energy __ exceeds your ___ | intake - output
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| __ is a indicator in total fat deposits which tends to increase satiety | leptin
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| ___ is a hormone that tells your stomach you're hungry | ghrelin
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| energy needed to perform essential activities such as breathing | BMR
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