Integument System
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| Skin consists of three major regions | epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
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| Epidermis | outermost superficial region
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| Dermis | middle region
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| Hypodermis (superficial fascia) | deepest region
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| The epidermis is composed of | keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, consisting of four distinct cell types and four or five layers
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| Cell types include | keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans' cells
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| Outer portion of the skin is | exposed to the external environment and functions in protection
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| Keratinocytes | produce the fibrous protein keratin
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| Melanocytes | produce the brown pigment melanin
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| Langerhans' cells | epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune systems
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| Merkel cells | function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings
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| Layers of the epidermis | Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, and Stratum Corneum
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| Stratum Basale | Basal layer
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| Deepest epidermal layer | firmly attached to the dermis
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| Consists of | a single row of the youngest keratinocytes
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| Cells undergo | rapid division, hence its alternate name, stratum germinativum
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| Stratum Spinosum | Prickly layer
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| Cells contain | a weblike system of of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes
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| Melanin granules and Langerhans' cells are | abundant in this layer
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| Stratum Granulosum | Granular layer
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Created by:
magsterk9
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