Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
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| Entire framework of bones and their cartilages, and ligaments | skeletal system
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| New bone tissue is made by | ostoblasts
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| Resorption of old bone tissue by | osteoclasts
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| The study of bone structure and the treatment of bone disorders | osteology
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| 6 functions of the skeletal system | 1. support
2.protection of internal organs
3.movement
4.mineral homeostasis
5.hemopoiesis
6.storage of fat
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| 7 bone structures | 1.epiphysis
2.metaphysis
3.diaphysis
4.articular cartilage
5.periosteum
6.medullary cavity
7.endosteum
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| Epiphysis | ends of a long bone (proximal or distal)
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| Metaphysis | where diaphysis and epiphysis meet (growth plate)
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| Diaphysis | shaft/body
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| Articular cartilage | thin layer of hyaline that reduces friction and absorbs shock
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| Periosteum | tough connective tissue covering outside of bone
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| Meduallary cavity | fat/yellow marrow lightens weight of bone
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| Endosteum | thin membranous inner lining of meduallary cavity
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| Sharpey's perforating fibers | holds the periosteum on (Velcro)
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| The first hole in the bone where the first artery came out of while in the womb | nutrient foramina
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| Mineral salts | deposited in extracellular matrix (hydroxyapatite)
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| Calcification | hardness of bone (child to adult)
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| Flexibility | depends of collagen fibers
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| Osteoclasts | break bone down
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| 3 types of bone cells | 1.osteoblasts (immature cell, secrete osteoid)
2.osteocytes (mature cells, maintain hardened bone)
3.osteoclasts (release calcium)
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| Compact bone | dense along diaphysis and at epiphysis
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| Spongy bone | lightweight provides support and only at the ends of bone
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| What makes up compact (cortical) bone? | 80% of sketeton
1.osteon
2.central canal
3.concentric lamellae
4.lacunae
5.canaliculi
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| Osteon | "tree" structural units of bone
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| Central canal | contains artery and vein
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| Concentric lamellae | circular rings of matrix
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| Lacunae | "little lakes" where osteocytes live
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| Canaliculi | "small channels" how osteocytes breathe, eat, and connect
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| Spongy (trabecular) bone | 20% of skeleton
no osteons always inside bone
oriented along stress lines to transfer force
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| Trabeculae | thin columns of bone
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| Fills spaces between trabeculae in blood producing bones | red marrow
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| Fills spaces between trabeculae in all other bones (adipose tissue) | yellow marrow
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| When long bone stops growing after puberty and are visible on x-rays | epiphyseal lines
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| Stages of fracture | 1.bleeding forms a clot
2.callus (young bone)
3.remodeling
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| Disorganized, immature woven bone | calluses
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| Homeostasis is maintained by | calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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| Puts the bone in (blast) | calcitonin
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| Takes bone out (clast) | parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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| How long does it take to loose one-third of bone mass because of inactivity? | 3 weeks
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| Bones become thinner and weaker with age (30-40) | osteopenia
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| Severe bone loss | osteoporosis
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| Open (compound) fracture | complete break where some of the bone is out of the skin
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| Comminuted | complete break that fragments the body
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| Greenstick | incomplete break that occurs on the convex surface of the bone
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| Impacted | occurs at an angle
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| Potts | breaks on one side and tears on the other
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| Colles | fall on out stretched hand (FOOSH)
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| Most common broken carpal bone (wrist) | scaphoid carpal bone
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| Fossa | shallow, basin like depression
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| Condyle | rounded articular projection
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| Epicondyle | raised area above a condyle
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| Head | bony expansion on a narrow neck
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| Trochanter | large, blunt, irregular surface
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| Tuberosity | rounded projection
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| Process | any bony prominence
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| Crest | narrow, prominent ridge of bone
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| Line | narrow ridge of bone
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| Fovea | small pit like indent
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| Tubercle | small rounded projection
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| Ramus | arm like bar of bone
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| Spine | sharp, slender projection
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| Foramen | round or oval opening through a bone
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| Fissure | narrow, slit like opening
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| Meatus | canal-like passageway
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| Sinus | space within a bone
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Created by:
swesley11
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