Nervous System
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| Skeletal Muscles are innervated by: | Somatic nervous System
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| What happens when the action potential arrives at the end of an axon? | A neurotransmitter is released from the axon terminal
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| What is resting potential? | the membrane potential of an undisturbed cell.
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| What is the resting potential of a human? | -70mv
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| What results in depolatization? | An increase in positive charges flowing into the cell.
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| What are neuroglia capable of that neurons are not? | cell division
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| How is sodium and potassium transported across the membrane via pump? | The pump moves three sodium ions (Na+) out for every two potassium (K+) ions pumped into the cell; this maintains a membrane potential of about -70mV (negative charge on the inside of the membrane and positive charge on the outside,
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| Oligodendrocytes form? | myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some neurons in CNS
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| Ependymal cells | Neuroglial cells within the CNS produce, monitor, and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
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| What are the major divisions of the nervous system | Central and periphreral
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| Where are you most likely going to find a multipolar neuron? | Special sense organs
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| Hyperpolarization | A stimulus that opens gated potassium ion channels and moves the membrane potential toward the resting membrane potential
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| Microglia | Scavenger phagocytic cells in the central nervous system CNS
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| Continuous conduction | local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue to form along the membrane
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| The sequence of Action Potential | A stimulus arrives, voltage-gated sodium channels open, sodium enters the cell, cell is depolarized, voltage-gated sodium channels close as K channels open, potassium leaves the cell, Cell is repolarized
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| Astrocytes | The outer area of sun shaped ganglie dooies attached to neurons
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| All or none principle | All stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials
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| Central Nervous System posesses? | brain and spinal cord
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| Oligodendrocytes are to CNS as | Schwann cells are to PNS
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| Difference between saltatory and continuous propagation of nerve impulses? | Saltatory carries impulses at a faster rate than continuous propagation
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| Depolarization | opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron
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| Dendrites | Receive messages
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| Axons | Send messages
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| Ependymal cells | line the central canal and ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid
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| Depolarization results in | opening of sodium channels
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| Where in the neuron is an action potential initially generated? | Axon hillock
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| Repolarization results from | closing of sodium channels
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| hyperpolarization results from | slow closing of K+ channels
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| what is the magnitude/amplitude of action potential? | 100 mV
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| How is an action potential propagated along an axon? | An influx of sodium ions from the current action potential depolarizes the adjacent area
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| Why cant an action potential be generated during the absolute refractory period? | sodium channels are inactive
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| What direction do action potentials move? | away from the axon hillock down the axon away from the cell body
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| the velocity of the action potential is fastest in | a large, myelinated axon
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| myelination | acts as insulation in action potential
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| Membranes of neurons at rest are very permeable to | K+
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| membranes of neurons at rest are only slightly permeable to | Na+
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| Function of Na+, -K+ pump is? | To maintain the resting membrane potential. Na+ is pumped out, K+ pumped in
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| Where is Na+ and Cl- concentration the highest? | outside the cell
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| In a synapse, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles located in the | presynaptic cleft
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| How is a neurotransmiter released from the action potential | Opening of Ca2+ channels
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| binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor opens? | ion channels on the postynaptic membrane
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| Presynaptic neuron | at a synapse between two neurons, the impulse passes from the axon terminal, where neurotransmitter is released
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| Post synaptic neuron | around axon terminal, occurs when the post synaptic cell is a neuron
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| Acetylcholine | breaks down by an enzyme before being returned to presynaptic neurons axon terminal
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| The arrival of an action potential at the end of an axon results in? | A release of a new action potential
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| What is the voltage when sodium channels open? | +10mV
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| when do Postassium channels open | +30 mV
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| What is in the diacephalon? | Pineal gland, hypothalmus, thalmus
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Created by:
iessnorris
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