NAU Muscular System
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| Makes up the quadriceps | Rectus Femoris, Vastus Medialis, Vastus lateralis, Vastus Intermedius
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| Muscles of the lower back | Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Iliopsoas, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, Sartorius, Gracilis, Quadriceps Femoris, Biceps Femoris, Semimembranous, Semitendinosus, Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Tibialis Anterior, Peroneus or Femorlis Longus
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| Deep muscles of the back | Errector Spinae, Iliocostalis Lumborum, Iliocostalis THoracis, Iliocostalis Cervicis, Longissimus Thoracis, Longissimus Cervicis, Longissimus Capitis, Spinalis Thoracis, Spinalis Cervicis, Spinalis Capitis
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| Muscles of the trunk | Diaphragm, Intercostals, External Obliques, Internal Obliques, Transverse Abdominis, Rectus Abdominis, Perineum, Levator Ani, Trapezius, Rhomboid Major, Rhomboid Minor, Levator Scapulae, Serratus Anterior, Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor
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| Muscles of the upper extremities | Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior, Deltoid, Biceps brachii, Brachioradialis, Triceps brachii, Flexor Carpi Groups, Palmeris Longus, Extensor Carpi Groups, Flexor Digitorum Groups, Extensor Digitorium Groups
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| Muscles of mastication (chewing) | Temporalis, Masseter, Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Pterygoid
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| Muscles of the head | Orbicularis Oculi, Orbicularis Oris, Leavtor Palpebrae Superioris, Buccinator, Zygomaticus, Temporalis, Masseter, Intrinsic, Extrinsic, Pterygoid -medial & lateral
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| Makes up hamstrings | Biceps Femoris, Semitendinous, Semimembranous, Sartorius
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| Muscles that form buttocks | Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus
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| Is not a muscle but a midline meeting point of tendon aponeurosis | Linea Alba
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| Long muscle that runs the fibula. Plantar flexion of foot. Also supports arch | Peroneus Longus or Fibularis Longus
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| Muscle on anterior aspect of the shin, next to tibia. Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot | Tibialis Anterior
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| Muscle under gatrocnemius and goes into the Achilles tendon in the back of the leg. Plantar flexion of the foot | Soleus
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| Muscle that is the calf of the back of the leg. Plantar flexion of foot and flexion of the leg at the knee | Gastrocnemius
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| Muscle on anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur. | Vastus Intermedius
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| Muscle on medial surface of femur. Extends leg at knee | Vastus Medialis
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| Muscle from greater trochanter and femur. Extends leg at knee | Vastus Lateralis
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| Muscle from iliac spine and acetabulum, front of thigh. Extends leg at knee. | Rectus Femoris
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| Long tendon that runs medial aspect of upper thigh. Flexes & rotates leg medially & extends thigh | Semitendinous
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| Muscle around ischial tuberosity & medial surface of tibia. Flexes & rotates leg medially & extends thigh | Semimembranosus
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| Muscle with 2 heads, runs ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur. Flexes & rotates leg laterally & extends thigh | Biceps Femoris
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| Muscle inside of knee to groin region. Adducts thigh and flexes leg at knee | Gracilis
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| Muscle outside of hip to knee. Allows rotation of knee. | Sartorius
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| Major muscle of the medial aspect of the thigh. Adducts thigh, posterior portion extends & anterior portion flexes thigh | Adductor Magnus
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| Long muscle of the medial aspect of the thigh. Adducts, flexes and rotates thigh laterally | Adductor Longus
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| Muscle at the iliac bone. Connects leg to the trunk. Flexes thigh | Iliopsoas
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| Muscle that runs along the spine in the thoracic region. Extends vertebral column | Spinais Thoracis
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| Muscle that runs along in the lower cervical & upper thoracic vertebrae. Extends vertebral column | Spinalis Capitis
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| Muscle on the sacrum, coccyx & posterior surface of ilium. Extends thigh at hip | Gluteus Maximus
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| Muscle at the lateral surface of ilium. Abducts and rotate thigh medially | Gluteus Medius
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| Smallest muscle at the lateral surface of ilium. Abducts & rotates thigh medially. | Gluteus Minimus
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| Muscle that runs along the spine in the cervical region. Extends vertebral column | Spinalis Cervicis
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| Ling muscle that is in lower cervical & upper lumbar region of vertebrae. Extends & rotates head. | Longissimus Capitis
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| Long muscle that runs the cervical region of vertebrae. Extends cervical region. | Longissimus Cervicis
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| Long muscle that runs thoracic region of vertebrae. Extends thoracic region. | Longissimus Thoracis
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| Muscle that runs the ribs of the cervical region of the vertebral column. Extends cervical region | Iliocostalis Cervicis
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| Muscle that runs the ribs of the thoracic region of the vertebral column. Holds spine erect. | Iliocostalis Thoracis
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| Muscle that runs the lumbar region of the ribs of the lumbar vertebral column. Extends lumbar region | Iliocostalis Lumborum
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| Muscle on top of temporal bone. Elevates mandible and shuts mandible shut | Temporalis
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| Major chewing muscle. Moves mandible | Masseter
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| Muscle allows movement of tongue for chewing, speaking and contortion | Intrinsic and Extrinsic Muscles
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| Muscle that aids in the movement of the mandible | Lateral and Medial Pterygoid
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| Muscle that goes from sternum to clavicle to neck. Major rotator of neck. | Sternocleidomastoid
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| Muscle named for size and location, attached to the cheek. Raises corner of mouth when smiling. | Zygomaticus major and minor
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| Muscle that compresses cheek inward. Helps with smiling & allows whistling | Buccinator
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| Muscle that elevates eyelids or raises eyebrows | Levator Palpebrae Superioris
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| Circular muscle around the mouth. Allows pucker for kissing and closing lips | Orbicularis Oris
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| circular muscle around the eyes. Allows eyes to squint and blink. | Orbicularis Oculi
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| Muscle that goes from the middle of the vertebrae to the back of the head. Extends head | Semispinalis capitis
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| Muscle in the middle aspect of head. Rotates head, bends head to one side or extends neck. | Splenius Capitis
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| Sheet of muscle that covers anterior aspect of neck. | Platysma
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| Muscle that is a tooth-like projection that runs rib to rib. Pulls scapula downward. Around the upper ribs | Serratur Anterior
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| Muscle on top | Major
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| Muscle on bottom | Minor
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| Muscle on the front around tissue. Moves humerus and ribs. | Pectoralis Major and Minor
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| Muscle around the sides of the lower thoracic & lumbar regions. Lateral superficial back muscles. Love handles. Extension and adduction of arm. | Latissimus Dorsi
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| Muscle which has 2 heads. Forms upper arm. Flexes forearm at elbow and rotates hand laterally | Biceps Brachii
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| Triangular shaped muscle of the upper arm. forms shoulders. Abducts, extends and flexes arm. | Deltoid
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| Muscle at distal end of humerus. Helps form upper arm. Flexes forearm at elbow. | Bracioradialis
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| Muscle near thumb, flexes wrist. Will sometimes get trapped with nerve causing carpal tunnel. | Palmeris Longus
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| Muscle that has 3 heads. Helps forms upper arm. Extends forearm at elbow | Triceps Brachii
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| Muscle group in front of fingers. Flexes distal joints of the fingers. Brings fingers to the palm | Flexor digitorum groups
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| Muscle group at the back of fingers. Extends fingers away from the palm | Extensor digitorum groups
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| Muscle group that is the hands and wrist. Flexes wrist, abducts and adducts wrist. | Flexor carpi groups
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| Muscle group at the back of the hands and wrist. Extends wrist & abducts hand | Extensor carpi groups
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| Muscle that is responsible for movement of rib cage. | Intercostals
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| Superficial muscle at the back of the head to the back of the neck. Rotates scapula. Muscle that becomes stiff during stress | Trapezius
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| Muscle that separates the thoracic & pelvic group. Helps with breathing. | Diaphragm
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| Muscle near sternal ends of upper ribs. Pulls scapula forward & downward. Raises ribs | Pectoralis Minor
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| Muscle near clavicle, sternum and upper ribs. Flexes, adducts and rotates arm medially. | Pectoralis Major
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| Muscle that elevates the scapula. Found around the cervical vertebrae | Levator Scapula
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| Muscle in outer surface of ribs. Moves head downward to the midline of the body, towards abdomen. | External Oblique
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| Slanted triangular muscle that is deep to the back. Retracts and elevates scapula | Rhomboid minor
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| Slanted triangular muscle that is superficial n the back. Retracts, elevates and rotates scapula. | Rhomboid major
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| Muscle that runs perpendicular of the midline of the body. Tenses abdominal wall. | Transverse abdominis
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| Muscle that is responsible for 6-pack. Parallel to midline. Flexes lumbar spine. | Rectus Abdominis
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| Pelvic Floor | Perineum
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| Muscle that elevates the anus. Near pubic bone and ischial spine. | Levator ani
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| Muscle that runs up & down spine. Helps with posture. | Erector Spinae
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| 7 different names for muscles based on action. Generally in pair | Flexor-extensor, Abductor-adductor, depressor-levator, Supinator-pronator, Sphincter, Tensor, Rotator
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| 3 different names for muscle based on the number of origins. | Biceps, Triceps, Quadriceps
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| 4 different muscle names for directions of fibers | Rectus, Transverse, Oblique, Circular
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| 5 different names for muscle sizes | Maximus, Medius, minimus, Longus, brevis
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| Name for large muscles | Maximus
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| Names for mid-size muscles | Medius
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| Names for small muscles | Minimus
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| Names for long names | Longus
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| Names for short muscles | Brevis
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| Back of the head | Capitis
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| Types of contractions | Tone, Isotonic, Isometric
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| Partially contracted state of the muscles at rest, enhanced with exercise | Tone
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| Tension within the muscle remains the same, but the muscle shortens. Ex: weight lifting | Isotonic
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| Tension within the muscle increases but the muscle length remains the same. Ex: push ups | Isometric
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| Types of attachment | Origin, insertion
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| The less movable, fixed attachment | Origin
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| The more movable portion that puts the muscle into action | Insertion
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| Types of muscle movements | Rod & rigid bar, Resistance, Force, Fulcrum (Pivot)
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| Bone movement type | Rod or Rigid Bar
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| Force of movement working against us | Resistance
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| The force we utilize to make a movement | Force
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| Also known as a pivot | Fulcrum
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| The force we are moving around | Fulcrum or Pivot
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| 3 parts involved in muscle movement | Prime mover, antagonist, synergist
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| The muscle that initiates the movement | Primer Mover
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| The muscle that moves opposite of the prime mover | Antagonist
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| Stabilizing muscles. Ex: keeps you from looking drunk when walking | Synergist
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| 7 types or ways of naming muscle groups | By location, size, shape, direction of fibers, number of origins, action, origin & insertion location
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| Structure of a surrounding muscle | Inidividual muscle fibers, Endomysium, Fasicles, Perimysium, Epimysium, Tendon
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| Simplest form of a muscle | Individual muscle fiber/filament
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| Wrapping around the individual muscle fibers OR a group of muscle filaments | Endomysium
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| Means inside | Endo
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| Means Around | Peri
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| Bundles of wrapped individual muscle fibers or a filament or fiber plus endomysium | Fasicle
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| Muscle tissues involved in movement | Cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle
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| The merging of the endomysium, fasicles, perimysium and epimysium into this | Tendon
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| Striated, involuntary muscle, intercolated disks, contain gap junctions to allow passage of ions & form a binding site between fibers. Found in heart. | Cardiac muscle
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| Non-striated, involuntary muscle. Found in walls of organs and digestive tract. | Smooth muscle
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| Product from nerve. Has to be received by the muscle in order for movement. | Neurotransmitter
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| Gap where the axon of neuron comes in close proximity to a muscle. | Synaptic Cleft
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| The site where an axon and muscle fiber meet | Neuromuscular Junction
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| The shortening of muscle fibers | Muscle contraction
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| Less than the appropriate amounts of neurotransmitters that are released & received in short supply. Ex: Twitch | Sub-threshold Stimulus
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| Adequate amounts of neurotransmitter and therefore is transmitted into a full contraction. | Threshold Stimulus
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| Muscle has striped. These are formed by protein molecules and how molecules line up. | Striated muscle
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| Thin bands of material | A or Actin Bands
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| Think bands of material | M or Myosin Bands
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| Two kinks of proteins actin & myosin fibers | Myofibril
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| Anchor point on muscles | Z-Line
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| Contains only actin bands | I-Bands
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| Bands of myosin overlapping actin bands | A-Bands
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| Bands of myosin only | H-Zone
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| Functional unit of muscle, or the contracting unit. The distance between 2 Z-Lines | Sacromere
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| Functions to hold filaments in place | M-Lines
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| Creatine phosphate sacrifices itself to the ADP to create ATP. Is short term energy | Direct Phophorylation of ADP by Creatinine Phosphate
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| Requires oxygen generates 2 pyruvate or 34-36 ATP. Slow energy but long term | Aerobic Respiration
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| Without oxygen. First part of energy production. Fast energy. | Anaerobic glycolysis & lactic acid formation
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| Types of energy needed for muscle contraction | Direct Phophorylation of ADP by Creatinine Phosphate; Aerobic Respiration; Anaerobic glycolysis & lactic acid formation
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| Is associated with muscle pain and soreness from exercise. | Lactic Acid Build up
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| 3 different names of muscle shapes | Deltoid, Trapezius, Rhomboid
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