Articulations and Movement
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| articulation | site where two or more bones meet (joint)
gives skeleton mobility and hold together
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| functional classification | based on amount of movement occurring at the joint
synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses
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| synarthroses | no movement
sutures of the skull
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| amphiarthroses | little movement
acromioclavicular
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| diarthroses | freely movable
glenohumeral, elbow, fingers
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| structural classification | based on what binds the bones together
fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints
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| fibrous joints | bones are united by collage fibers
sutures
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| cartilaginous joints | bones are united by a plate of cartilage
ribs of sternum, pubic symphysis
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| synovial joints | bones are separated by joint cavity
very movable
diarthroses
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| structure of synovial joint | articular cartilage, joint cavity, synovial fluid, joint capsule, and reinforcing ligaments
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| articular cartilage | hyaline cartilage found on the ends of long bones
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| joint cavity | space that surrounds the joint
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| synovial fluid | reduce friction
nourishes cartilage cells
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| joint capsule | encloses the joint
composed of fibrous capsule (outer layer of joint capsule) and synovial membrane (lines inside of the fibrous capsule)
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| reinforcing ligaments | strengthen and stabilize joint
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| bursae | sacs filled with synovial fluid that reduce friction
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| tendon sheaths | elongated bursae which wrap around tendons, reduce friction
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| sprain | a ligament is stretched or torn
heal very slowly
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| dislocation | bones are forced out of alignment
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| temporomandibular joint (tmj) | formed by mandibular condyles of the mandible and the mandibular fossae of the temporal bones
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| shoulder (glenohumeral) joint | glenoid labrum: rim of fibrocartilage
ligaments: glenohumeral ligament, acromioclavicular ligament, coracoacromial ligament, coracoclavicular ligament
rotator cuff muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis (SITS)
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| elbow joint | trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of the ulna; capitulum of the humerus and head of the radius; radial notch of the ulna and head of the radius; olecranon fossa of the humerus and olecranon process of the ulna
ligaments: ulnar collateral ligament;
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| hip joint | formed by head of femur and acetabulum of coxal bone
acetabular labrum: circular rim of fibrocartilage
ligaments: ligaments of the joint capsule (thickenings that help strengthen coxal joint); ligament teres (attaches head of femur to acetabulu, no role
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| knee joint | formed by medial & lateral condyles of femur and medial & lateral articular surfaces (condyles) of the tibia
minisci: fibrocartilage disks (between tibial & femoral condyles)
ligament: patellar ligament, medial collateral ligament (tibia), lateral colla
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| ankle joint | lateral malleolus of the fibula
medial malleolus of the tibia
talus
anterior tibiofibular ligament
posterior tibiofibular ligament
anterior talofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
medial (deltoid) ligament of a
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