Structure and Function of the Cell
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| three major parts of most cells | plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
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| plasma membrane | forms outer cell-boundary; regulates what gets in and out of the cell
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| cytoplasm | contains cytosol, cytoskeleton, inclusions, and organelles; where most cellular activities take place
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| nucleus | control center of cell, contains DNA (genetic information)
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| lipids of plasma membrane | phospholipids (majority) and cholesterol (provides stability)
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| proteins of plasma membrane | marker molecules, attachment proteins, channel proteins, receptors proteins, enzymes, carrier proteins
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| marker molecules | involved with cell to cell recognition; most are glycolipids and glycoproteins
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| attachment proteins | attach cells to each other
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| channel proteins | involved with transportation of substance in and out of a cell
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| receptor proteins | contain binding sites that can attach to specific substances
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| enzymes | catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions on either the inner or outer surface or outer surface of the plasma membrane
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| carrier proteins | more substance from one side of the plasma membrane to the other
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| four major parts of the cytoplasm | cytosol, cytoskeleton, inclusions, and organelles
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| cytosol | fluid portion of the cytoplasm
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| cytoskeleton | provides support and structure
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| inclusions | miscellaneous substances (hemoglobin, lipid droplets, melanin)
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| organelles | machinery of the cell, each carriers out a specific functions
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| ribosomes (organelle) | sites of protein synthesis; free ribosomes and fixed ribosomes
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| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (organelle) | have RER and SER; RER - has ribosomes on the external surface (produces protein); SER - no ribosomes, no role in protein synthesis and function in lipid synthesis, storage of Ca ions in muscle cells, detoxification
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| golgi apparatus (organelle) | modifies and packages proteins produced by RER and lipids produced by SER
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| lysosomes (organelle) | contain acidic enzymes; abundant in phagocytes (clean up, eats stuff)
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| mitochondria (organelle) | produce ATP
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| cilia | move materials over the surface of cells; respiratory tract
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| microvilli | increase surface area; found in cells which undergo a lot of absorption
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| four types of cell junctions | desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions
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| desmosomes | cell to cell attachment (binds to cell to one another)
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| hemidesmosomes | attach epithelial cells to the basement membrane
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| tight junctions | prevent substances from passing between two cells
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| gap junctions | cell to cell communication
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