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Anatomy
Structure and Function of the Cell
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| three major parts of most cells | plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus |
| plasma membrane | forms outer cell-boundary; regulates what gets in and out of the cell |
| cytoplasm | contains cytosol, cytoskeleton, inclusions, and organelles; where most cellular activities take place |
| nucleus | control center of cell, contains DNA (genetic information) |
| lipids of plasma membrane | phospholipids (majority) and cholesterol (provides stability) |
| proteins of plasma membrane | marker molecules, attachment proteins, channel proteins, receptors proteins, enzymes, carrier proteins |
| marker molecules | involved with cell to cell recognition; most are glycolipids and glycoproteins |
| attachment proteins | attach cells to each other |
| channel proteins | involved with transportation of substance in and out of a cell |
| receptor proteins | contain binding sites that can attach to specific substances |
| enzymes | catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions on either the inner or outer surface or outer surface of the plasma membrane |
| carrier proteins | more substance from one side of the plasma membrane to the other |
| four major parts of the cytoplasm | cytosol, cytoskeleton, inclusions, and organelles |
| cytosol | fluid portion of the cytoplasm |
| cytoskeleton | provides support and structure |
| inclusions | miscellaneous substances (hemoglobin, lipid droplets, melanin) |
| organelles | machinery of the cell, each carriers out a specific functions |
| ribosomes (organelle) | sites of protein synthesis; free ribosomes and fixed ribosomes |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (organelle) | have RER and SER; RER - has ribosomes on the external surface (produces protein); SER - no ribosomes, no role in protein synthesis and function in lipid synthesis, storage of Ca ions in muscle cells, detoxification |
| golgi apparatus (organelle) | modifies and packages proteins produced by RER and lipids produced by SER |
| lysosomes (organelle) | contain acidic enzymes; abundant in phagocytes (clean up, eats stuff) |
| mitochondria (organelle) | produce ATP |
| cilia | move materials over the surface of cells; respiratory tract |
| microvilli | increase surface area; found in cells which undergo a lot of absorption |
| four types of cell junctions | desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, tight junctions, gap junctions |
| desmosomes | cell to cell attachment (binds to cell to one another) |
| hemidesmosomes | attach epithelial cells to the basement membrane |
| tight junctions | prevent substances from passing between two cells |
| gap junctions | cell to cell communication |
Created by:
hharki
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