Digestive system
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| Digestion starts in the mouth by | Chewing
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| Once food is in the mouth, ..... glands secrete fluid | Salivary
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| Salivary fluid breaks down food into | Enzymes
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| Salivary fluid ....... food for swallowing | Lubricates
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| Hard outer part of tooth structure | Enamel
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| Is enamel living or non living tissue | Non living
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| Softer cellular layer inside enamel | Dentin
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| Area where arteries veins and nerves live in a tooth | Pulp
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| What holds a tooth in place | Periodontal ligament
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| The tongue contains receptors called | Taste buds
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| Taste buds stimulate secretion of | Saliva
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| Taste buds stimulate secretion of ...... ..... in stomach | Digestive enzymes
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| What sits at the back of the tongue | Epiglottis
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| What are the 3 salivary glands | Parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland
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| Where is the parotid gland located | Near the ear and masseter muscle
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| Parotid gland ducts emptis into | Side of cheek
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| Submandibular gland produces majority of | Nonstimulated saliva
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| Non stimulated saliva is produced ...... the majority of the time | Submandibular gland
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| Sublingual gland is located | Inferior to tongue
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| Sublingual gland ducts empty on sides of | Frenulum of the tongue
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| What gland is inferior to the tongue | Sublingual
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| What is the epiglottis | Piece of cartilage attached to muscle and hyoid bone
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| What is attached to the muscle and hyoid bone in the mouth | The epiglottis
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| The epiglottis is made of | Cartilage
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| When swallowing, the ........ helps food into the esophagus | Epiglottis
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| The epiglottis closes the ...... when swallowing | Trachea
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| What is the name of the contraction that pushes food towards stomach | Peristalic
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| How does food move towards stomach | Peristaltic contraction of esophagus pushes it
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| What is the muscular rube that moves food to stomach | Esophagus
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| The esophagus is located posterior to | Trachea
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| Are enzymes released in the esophagus | No
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| The stomach is surrounded by | Muscle
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| Gastric juices are acidic or base | Acidic
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| Stomach secretes ....... and ...... to break down foos | Acidic gastric juices, enzymes
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| How is food mixed within the stomach | Contractions of muscles agitate food within stomach to mix with gastric secretions
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| What is the ring of muscle at the opening of the stomach | Cardiac sphincter
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| What prevent gastric juices from going into the esophagus | Cardiac sphincter
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| The ring of muscle in the opening of small intestine is called | Pyloric sphincter
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| What are the folds in the wall of the stomach called | Rugae
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| What allows the stomach to expand | The rugae
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| Once food enters the stomach, ..... cells release. ....... | Parietal, hydrochloric acid
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| Hydrochloric acid is released by what | Parietal cells
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| What cells release pepsinogen | Chief cells
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| Chief cells are located | In the stomach walls
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| Chief cells in the stomach wall secrete | Pepsinogen
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| Pepsinogen is a precursor to | Peptin
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| Peptin is a precursor of | Pepsinogen
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| What breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides | Pepsin
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| Proteins are broken down by | Pepsin
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| Name the 3 sections of the intestines | Duodenum, jejunum, ilium
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| What is the length of duodenum | 1 ft
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| What is the length of jejunum | 8 ft
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| What is the length of ilium | 11 ft
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| What hold the intestines in place | Mesentery
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| What does the mesentery do | Holds the intestines in place
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| What does the mesentery contain | Blood and lymphatic vessels
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| The blood and lymphatic vessels purpose in the mesentery is for | Absorption
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| To increase surface area and absorption capacity, the small intestine have | Intestinal villi
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| What are intestinal villi | Finger like projections
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| Intestinal villi line what organ | Small intestine
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| Intestinal villi are what kind of cells | Columnar epithelial cells
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| What are the 3 accessory digestive organs | Liver, gallbladder and pancreas
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| What are the two ducts that connect to the duodenum | Pancreatic duct, common bile duct
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| What produces bile | Hepatic cells of the liver
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| The salts in the bile are called | Bile salts
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| What breaks down lipids in the liver | Bile salts
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| The liver has a duct system which connects to the | Gallbladder
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| What is the function of the gallbladder | Stores bile and concentrates it
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| How does the gallbladder connect to hepatic duct | Via the cystic duct
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| What are the hepatic cells of the liver called | Hepatocytes
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| Hepatocytes produce | Bile
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| Hepatocytes produce bile which is absorbed in | Bile canaliculi
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| What in bile breaks down lipids | Bile salts
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| The pancreas produces ..... to neutralize the acid from the stomach | Bicarbonates
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| What does bicarbonate do | Neutralize the acid from stomach
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| What stimulates the pancreas to produce bicarbonates | Secreting releases by duodenum
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| Secretin is released by | Duodenum
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| Secretin is related into duodenum via | Pancreatic duct
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| Pancreatic duct is located | Adjacent to bile duct
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| The large intestine is also called | Colon
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| How many regions are in the large intestine | 5
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| What are the 5 region names of the large intestine | Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
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| What empties into the cecum | Ileum
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| What is the function of large intestine | Absorbs water and salts
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| Appendicit is | Inflammation of the appendix
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| Where is the appendix located | Lower right quadrant
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| Is appendix burst it can cause | Sepsis
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| What is hirschirings disease | Lack of innervation to colon (no signal to defecate) & causes feces to collect and enlarge colon.
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| What is the final section the of digestive system | Sigmoid colon empties into rectum, rectum becomes anal canal
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| Anal canal stores what | Feces until defecation
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| How many muscles control defecation | 2
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| Name the 2 muscles that control defecation | External anal sphincter and internal anal sphincter
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| How much does the stomach absorbs | Very little
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| What does the stomach absorb | Alcohol, water and salts
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| What organ absorbs the most nutrients | Small intestines
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| The colon absorbs | Water and salts
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