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Digestive system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Digestion starts in the mouth by | Chewing |
| Once food is in the mouth, ..... glands secrete fluid | Salivary |
| Salivary fluid breaks down food into | Enzymes |
| Salivary fluid ....... food for swallowing | Lubricates |
| Hard outer part of tooth structure | Enamel |
| Is enamel living or non living tissue | Non living |
| Softer cellular layer inside enamel | Dentin |
| Area where arteries veins and nerves live in a tooth | Pulp |
| What holds a tooth in place | Periodontal ligament |
| The tongue contains receptors called | Taste buds |
| Taste buds stimulate secretion of | Saliva |
| Taste buds stimulate secretion of ...... ..... in stomach | Digestive enzymes |
| What sits at the back of the tongue | Epiglottis |
| What are the 3 salivary glands | Parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland |
| Where is the parotid gland located | Near the ear and masseter muscle |
| Parotid gland ducts emptis into | Side of cheek |
| Submandibular gland produces majority of | Nonstimulated saliva |
| Non stimulated saliva is produced ...... the majority of the time | Submandibular gland |
| Sublingual gland is located | Inferior to tongue |
| Sublingual gland ducts empty on sides of | Frenulum of the tongue |
| What gland is inferior to the tongue | Sublingual |
| What is the epiglottis | Piece of cartilage attached to muscle and hyoid bone |
| What is attached to the muscle and hyoid bone in the mouth | The epiglottis |
| The epiglottis is made of | Cartilage |
| When swallowing, the ........ helps food into the esophagus | Epiglottis |
| The epiglottis closes the ...... when swallowing | Trachea |
| What is the name of the contraction that pushes food towards stomach | Peristalic |
| How does food move towards stomach | Peristaltic contraction of esophagus pushes it |
| What is the muscular rube that moves food to stomach | Esophagus |
| The esophagus is located posterior to | Trachea |
| Are enzymes released in the esophagus | No |
| The stomach is surrounded by | Muscle |
| Gastric juices are acidic or base | Acidic |
| Stomach secretes ....... and ...... to break down foos | Acidic gastric juices, enzymes |
| How is food mixed within the stomach | Contractions of muscles agitate food within stomach to mix with gastric secretions |
| What is the ring of muscle at the opening of the stomach | Cardiac sphincter |
| What prevent gastric juices from going into the esophagus | Cardiac sphincter |
| The ring of muscle in the opening of small intestine is called | Pyloric sphincter |
| What are the folds in the wall of the stomach called | Rugae |
| What allows the stomach to expand | The rugae |
| Once food enters the stomach, ..... cells release. ....... | Parietal, hydrochloric acid |
| Hydrochloric acid is released by what | Parietal cells |
| What cells release pepsinogen | Chief cells |
| Chief cells are located | In the stomach walls |
| Chief cells in the stomach wall secrete | Pepsinogen |
| Pepsinogen is a precursor to | Peptin |
| Peptin is a precursor of | Pepsinogen |
| What breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides | Pepsin |
| Proteins are broken down by | Pepsin |
| Name the 3 sections of the intestines | Duodenum, jejunum, ilium |
| What is the length of duodenum | 1 ft |
| What is the length of jejunum | 8 ft |
| What is the length of ilium | 11 ft |
| What hold the intestines in place | Mesentery |
| What does the mesentery do | Holds the intestines in place |
| What does the mesentery contain | Blood and lymphatic vessels |
| The blood and lymphatic vessels purpose in the mesentery is for | Absorption |
| To increase surface area and absorption capacity, the small intestine have | Intestinal villi |
| What are intestinal villi | Finger like projections |
| Intestinal villi line what organ | Small intestine |
| Intestinal villi are what kind of cells | Columnar epithelial cells |
| What are the 3 accessory digestive organs | Liver, gallbladder and pancreas |
| What are the two ducts that connect to the duodenum | Pancreatic duct, common bile duct |
| What produces bile | Hepatic cells of the liver |
| The salts in the bile are called | Bile salts |
| What breaks down lipids in the liver | Bile salts |
| The liver has a duct system which connects to the | Gallbladder |
| What is the function of the gallbladder | Stores bile and concentrates it |
| How does the gallbladder connect to hepatic duct | Via the cystic duct |
| What are the hepatic cells of the liver called | Hepatocytes |
| Hepatocytes produce | Bile |
| Hepatocytes produce bile which is absorbed in | Bile canaliculi |
| What in bile breaks down lipids | Bile salts |
| The pancreas produces ..... to neutralize the acid from the stomach | Bicarbonates |
| What does bicarbonate do | Neutralize the acid from stomach |
| What stimulates the pancreas to produce bicarbonates | Secreting releases by duodenum |
| Secretin is released by | Duodenum |
| Secretin is related into duodenum via | Pancreatic duct |
| Pancreatic duct is located | Adjacent to bile duct |
| The large intestine is also called | Colon |
| How many regions are in the large intestine | 5 |
| What are the 5 region names of the large intestine | Cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid |
| What empties into the cecum | Ileum |
| What is the function of large intestine | Absorbs water and salts |
| Appendicit is | Inflammation of the appendix |
| Where is the appendix located | Lower right quadrant |
| Is appendix burst it can cause | Sepsis |
| What is hirschirings disease | Lack of innervation to colon (no signal to defecate) & causes feces to collect and enlarge colon. |
| What is the final section the of digestive system | Sigmoid colon empties into rectum, rectum becomes anal canal |
| Anal canal stores what | Feces until defecation |
| How many muscles control defecation | 2 |
| Name the 2 muscles that control defecation | External anal sphincter and internal anal sphincter |
| How much does the stomach absorbs | Very little |
| What does the stomach absorb | Alcohol, water and salts |
| What organ absorbs the most nutrients | Small intestines |
| The colon absorbs | Water and salts |
Created by:
Miccimouse
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