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Cell Function

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Term
Definition
show Building blocks of human body.  
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show Cells are the building blocks of all plants and animals, cells are the smallest functioning units of life, cells are produced through division of existing preexisting cells, each cell maintains homeostasis.  
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Plasma Membrane/Cell Membrane   show
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Cytoplasm   show
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Phospholipid Bilayer   show
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show Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration (down concentration gradient). EX: by moving across a lipid portion of membrane or passing through a channel protein of membrane.  
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Osmosis   show
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Osmotic Pressure   show
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show Fluid pressure.  
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Isotonic   show
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show THe solution in a comparison with lower osmotic concentration.  
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show Break down of red blood cells.  
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show Shrinkage of cells or red blood cells due to osmotic movement of water out of cell.  
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show Hydrostatic pressure forces water accross membrane, no ATP.  
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Carrier Mediated Transport   show
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Co-transport   show
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show The molecule to be transported binds to a receptor site, the shape or the protein changes, which mves the molecule into plasma membrane, its then released into cytoplasm. NO ATP used.  
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show The high energy bond in ATP provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane. Not dependant on concentration gradient. Can import or export materials regardless of their intracellular or extracellular concentrations.  
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Vesicular Transport   show
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Ednocytosis   show
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show Produces vesicles that contain high concentrations of specific target molecule.  
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Pinocytosis   show
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Phagocytosis   show
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show The functional reverse of endocytosi, a vesicle created inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and discharges its contents into the extra cellular environment.  
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show Material inside the cell, from plasma membrane to nucleus. Contains cytosol and oraganelles.  
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show Intracellular fluid, contains dissolved nutrients, ions, solluble and insoluble proteins.  
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show Internal structures that perform specific functions essential to normal cell structures, maintanance, and metabolism.  
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show Inside membrane: nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulem, golgi apparatis, lysosomes, and perixosomes.  
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Organelles: not inside membranes   show
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show Protein framework that gives cytoplasm strength and flexibility. Ex: microfiliments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.  
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Microfilliments   show
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show Hollow tubes made from tubulin and anchors organelles spindal apperatis in cell division.  
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Microvilli   show
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show A cylindrical structure composed of triplets of microtubules, in a pair of perpendicular to each other, only in cells that divide.  
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show Long, slender extensions of the plasma membrane, supported by microtubulars. movement requires ATP. Move fluid or secretions across the cell surface.  
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show Much longer that cilia, move a cell through surrounding fluid in sex cells.  
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show Organelles that manufacture protein, from information from DNA in nucleus.  
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show Scattered through cytoplasm and proteins they make enter the cytosol.  
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Fixed Ribosomes   show
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show Organelles that contain a bunch of protein breaking enzymes. Remove or recycle denatured proteins and break down abnormal proteins.  
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show Membranes inside cell that connect to the surrounding envelope surrounding the nucleus. Responsible for; Synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.  
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show No ribosomes, where carbs and lipids are produced and hormones in sex cells storage of glycerides.  
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Rough ER   show
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show Has 5 or 6 flat membraneous discs called cisternae. 1. modifies plasma membrane, 2. packages special enzymes  
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Lysosomes   show
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Autolysis   show
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Peroxisomes   show
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Free Radical   show
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show Organelle that provides energy to the cell. Double membraned, Outer membrane surrounds organelle, inner membrane has many folds called cristae.  
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show Fluid contents.  
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Aerobic Metabolism   show
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Nucleus   show
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Nuclear Envelope   show
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show Has ions, enzymes, RNA, DNA, nucleotides, proteins.  
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Nuclear Pores   show
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Chromosomes   show
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show The protein information stored as amino acids sequences in nucleus. Triplet code. A sequence of 3 nitrogenous bases.  
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Gene   show
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Promotor   show
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show Production of RNA from a single strand of DNA. Happens in nucleus. Forms mRNA.  
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show Communicates between nucleus and cytoplasm. A copy of information contained in the gene, the information is a sequence of nucleotides.  
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Process of Transcription   show
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show The making of proteins using the info by sequence of codons on the mRNA strand.  
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Process of Translation   show
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Transport RNA   show
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DNA Replication   show
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show Nuclear division of somatic cells  
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show Production of sex cells  
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show Where cells spend most of their time, time between cell division when they perform normal functions.  
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Apoptosis   show
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show Replicates DNA in nucleus every 6-8 hours.  
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show 1. Complimentary strands separate and unwind 2. DNA polymerase binds to exposed nitrogenous bases 3. complementary nucleotides attach to nitrogenous base and form a pair of identicle DNA molecules 4. G2 phase protein synthesis  
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show Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, anaphase, telophase.  
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Prophase   show
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Metaphase   show
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Anaphase   show
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show Cell prepares to enter interphase again. nuclear membranes form nuclei enlarge, and DNA chromosomes gradually uncoil. nuclei reasemble  
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Cytokinesis   show
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Tumor   show
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show Cells usually remain in one place; in the epithelium tissue type, or connective tissue capsule. rarely life threatening, can be removed.,  
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show No longer responds to normal control mechanisms. Cells spread into surrounding tissues.  
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Cancer   show
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show Switching off of genes to restrict cell functions.  
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Phagocytosis   show
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Major function of golgi apparatis   show
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show Thee nitrogenous base sequences on mRNA which are complementary to gene triplet.  
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show Anaphase  
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show Synthesis phase, of cell cycle is where DNA is replicated before cell divides.  
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Which cell functions require ATP?   show
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