Cell Function
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| show | Building blocks of human body.
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| show | Cells are the building blocks of all plants and animals, cells are the smallest functioning units of life, cells are produced through division of existing preexisting cells, each cell maintains homeostasis.
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| show | Separates cell contents from its watery surrounding environment. Very thin. Regulates exchange with the environment, entrance or ions and nutrients into cell, and waste. Structural support. Contains phospholipids. Only compounds not ions or water enter
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| Cytoplasm | show 🗑
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| show | Phospholipids lie in two distinct layers with hydrophobic tails on inside and hydrophilic heads on outside.
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| show | Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration (down concentration gradient). EX: by moving across a lipid portion of membrane or passing through a channel protein of membrane.
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| Osmosis | show 🗑
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| Osmotic Pressure | show 🗑
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| show | Fluid pressure.
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| Isotonic | show 🗑
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| Hypotonic | show 🗑
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| Hemolysis | show 🗑
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| Crenation | show 🗑
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| FIlteration | show 🗑
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| show | Membrane proteins bind specific ions or organic substances and carry them across the plasma membrane, through concentration gradient.
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| Co-transport | show 🗑
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| Facilitated Diffusion | show 🗑
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| show | The high energy bond in ATP provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane. Not dependant on concentration gradient. Can import or export materials regardless of their intracellular or extracellular concentrations.
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| Vesicular Transport | show 🗑
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| Ednocytosis | show 🗑
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| Receptor Mediated Endocytosis | show 🗑
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| Pinocytosis | show 🗑
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| show | Cell eating, produces vesicles containing solid objects that may be as large as the cell itself. Only formed by specialized cells that protect tissues. Pinching off the cell membrane.
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| show | The functional reverse of endocytosi, a vesicle created inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and discharges its contents into the extra cellular environment.
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| show | Material inside the cell, from plasma membrane to nucleus. Contains cytosol and oraganelles.
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| Cytosol | show 🗑
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| Organelle | show 🗑
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| show | Inside membrane: nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulem, golgi apparatis, lysosomes, and perixosomes.
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| show | Cytocskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, flagella, ribosomes, and proteasomes.
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| Cytoskeleton | show 🗑
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| show | The tiniest strands of cytoskeleton made of actin, a dense layer ouside plasma membrane, and attach it to underlying cytoplasm.
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| Microtubulars | show 🗑
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| show | Small finger shaped projections of plasma membrane on exposed surface of cells, cells digestive tract.
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| show | A cylindrical structure composed of triplets of microtubules, in a pair of perpendicular to each other, only in cells that divide.
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| show | Long, slender extensions of the plasma membrane, supported by microtubulars. movement requires ATP. Move fluid or secretions across the cell surface.
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| show | Much longer that cilia, move a cell through surrounding fluid in sex cells.
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| Ribosomes | show 🗑
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| show | Scattered through cytoplasm and proteins they make enter the cytosol.
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| show | Attached to endoplasmic reticulum. go through membran, enter endoplasmic reticulem whcih exports them.
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| Proteasomes | show 🗑
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| show | Membranes inside cell that connect to the surrounding envelope surrounding the nucleus. Responsible for; Synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.
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| show | No ribosomes, where carbs and lipids are produced and hormones in sex cells storage of glycerides.
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| show | Fixed ribosomes, protein synthesis, sacs deliver proteins to golgi apperatis.
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| Golgi Apparatus | show 🗑
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| Lysosomes | show 🗑
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| Autolysis | show 🗑
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| Peroxisomes | show 🗑
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| show | Ions or molecules that contain unpaired electrons, highly reactant.
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| show | Organelle that provides energy to the cell. Double membraned, Outer membrane surrounds organelle, inner membrane has many folds called cristae.
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| Matrix | show 🗑
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| Aerobic Metabolism | show 🗑
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| Nucleus | show 🗑
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| Nuclear Envelope | show 🗑
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| Nucleoplasm | show 🗑
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| Nuclear Pores | show 🗑
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| show | Contain DNA in nuclues. 23 pairs in human body, 1 set from each parent. DNA strands wrapped and proteins called histones, DNA + Histones = nucleosomes.
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| Genetic Code | show 🗑
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| show | Has all the triplets needed to produce a protein. Before a gene can be activated, enzymes must temporarily break the bonds between its nitrogenous bases and remove the histone that guards the promotor segments.
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| show | The section of a gene that regulates activity (start here sign for enzymes).
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| Transcription | show 🗑
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| show | Communicates between nucleus and cytoplasm. A copy of information contained in the gene, the information is a sequence of nucleotides.
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| Process of Transcription | show 🗑
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| show | The making of proteins using the info by sequence of codons on the mRNA strand.
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| show | 1. mRNA has left nucleus and enters cytoplasm to bind to a ribosome 2. tRNA delivers amino acids that will be used by ribosome to assemble the protein 3. ribosomes enclose mRNA 4. second tRNA arrives 5. ribosome enzyes remove amino acid 1 from first tRNA
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| show | tRNA, contains a complementary triplet of nitrogenous bases (anticodon) that bind to specific codons on the mRNA.
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| show | The duplication of the cells genetic material.
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| Mitosis | show 🗑
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| Meiosis | show 🗑
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| Interphase | show 🗑
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| show | Controlled cell death. Helps homeostasis.
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| show | Replicates DNA in nucleus every 6-8 hours.
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| show | 1. Complimentary strands separate and unwind 2. DNA polymerase binds to exposed nitrogenous bases 3. complementary nucleotides attach to nitrogenous base and form a pair of identicle DNA molecules 4. G2 phase protein synthesis
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| show | Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
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| Prophase | show 🗑
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| show | ends when all chomosomes are alligned in the plane of the metaphase plate, and each chromosome has 2 chromatids
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| Anaphase | show 🗑
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| Telophase | show 🗑
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| show | The division that forms the daughter cells, begins in late anaphase. Constriction of cytoplasm when chromosomes near the ends of spindle fibers cleavage furrow. Marks end of cell division.
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| show | Mass swelling produced by abnormal cell growth and division.
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| show | Cells usually remain in one place; in the epithelium tissue type, or connective tissue capsule. rarely life threatening, can be removed.,
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| show | No longer responds to normal control mechanisms. Cells spread into surrounding tissues.
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| show | Resulting from malignant cells. The secondary tumors they form are very active and they stimulate growth of blood vessles into the area. this increased blood supply make the tumor grow faster.
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| Differentiation | show 🗑
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| Phagocytosis | show 🗑
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| show | modify and package secretory products and lysosomal ezymes
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| Codons | show 🗑
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| Which is the pulling apart phase in mitosis | show 🗑
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| S Phase | show 🗑
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| Which cell functions require ATP? | show 🗑
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Created by:
iessnorris
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