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Cell Function

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
Cells   show
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Cell Theory   show
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Plasma Membrane/Cell Membrane   show
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Cytoplasm   show
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show Phospholipids lie in two distinct layers with hydrophobic tails on inside and hydrophilic heads on outside.  
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show Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration (down concentration gradient). EX: by moving across a lipid portion of membrane or passing through a channel protein of membrane.  
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Osmosis   show
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Osmotic Pressure   show
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show Fluid pressure.  
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show A solution that does not cause a new movement of water into or out the cell, and in these red blood cells do not chance apperence.  
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Hypotonic   show
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Hemolysis   show
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Crenation   show
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FIlteration   show
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show Membrane proteins bind specific ions or organic substances and carry them across the plasma membrane, through concentration gradient.  
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Co-transport   show
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Facilitated Diffusion   show
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Active Transport   show
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Vesicular Transport   show
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show The packaging up of extracellular materials in a vesicle at the cell surface for import into the cell. all types require ATP.  
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show Produces vesicles that contain high concentrations of specific target molecule.  
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show The formation of small vesicles filled with extracelular fluid. Not very selective.  
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show Cell eating, produces vesicles containing solid objects that may be as large as the cell itself. Only formed by specialized cells that protect tissues. Pinching off the cell membrane.  
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show The functional reverse of endocytosi, a vesicle created inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and discharges its contents into the extra cellular environment.  
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Cytoplasm   show
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Cytosol   show
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show Internal structures that perform specific functions essential to normal cell structures, maintanance, and metabolism.  
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Organelles: inside membranes   show
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Organelles: not inside membranes   show
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Cytoskeleton   show
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Microfilliments   show
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show Hollow tubes made from tubulin and anchors organelles spindal apperatis in cell division.  
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show Small finger shaped projections of plasma membrane on exposed surface of cells, cells digestive tract.  
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show A cylindrical structure composed of triplets of microtubules, in a pair of perpendicular to each other, only in cells that divide.  
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Cilia   show
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show Much longer that cilia, move a cell through surrounding fluid in sex cells.  
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show Organelles that manufacture protein, from information from DNA in nucleus.  
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show Scattered through cytoplasm and proteins they make enter the cytosol.  
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show Attached to endoplasmic reticulum. go through membran, enter endoplasmic reticulem whcih exports them.  
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show Organelles that contain a bunch of protein breaking enzymes. Remove or recycle denatured proteins and break down abnormal proteins.  
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Endoplasmic Reticulem   show
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Smooth ER   show
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Rough ER   show
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show Has 5 or 6 flat membraneous discs called cisternae. 1. modifies plasma membrane, 2. packages special enzymes  
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show Vesicles with digestive enzymes. Clean up crew. Made in Golgi dude.  
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show When muscles break down without use.  
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show Larger than lysisomes, Form from growth and subdivision of existing peroxisomes. Absorbs and breaks down fatty acids. Is a free radical.  
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Free Radical   show
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Mitochondria   show
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Matrix   show
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show Energy production in mitochondria. produces 95% of energy cells needs.  
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Nucleus   show
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Nuclear Envelope   show
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Nucleoplasm   show
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Nuclear Pores   show
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show Contain DNA in nuclues. 23 pairs in human body, 1 set from each parent. DNA strands wrapped and proteins called histones, DNA + Histones = nucleosomes.  
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show The protein information stored as amino acids sequences in nucleus. Triplet code. A sequence of 3 nitrogenous bases.  
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show Has all the triplets needed to produce a protein. Before a gene can be activated, enzymes must temporarily break the bonds between its nitrogenous bases and remove the histone that guards the promotor segments.  
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show The section of a gene that regulates activity (start here sign for enzymes).  
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show Production of RNA from a single strand of DNA. Happens in nucleus. Forms mRNA.  
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Messanger RNA   show
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show 1. DNA polymerease binds to promotor of gene 2. At stop signal Enzyme and mRNA detach 3. 3 nitrogenous bases with a new mRNA strand that is complementing to the cooresponding triplet on gene 4. enters cytoplasm through nuclear pore.  
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show The making of proteins using the info by sequence of codons on the mRNA strand.  
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Process of Translation   show
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Transport RNA   show
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DNA Replication   show
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show Nuclear division of somatic cells  
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show Production of sex cells  
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Interphase   show
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show Controlled cell death. Helps homeostasis.  
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show Replicates DNA in nucleus every 6-8 hours.  
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DNA replication process   show
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show Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, anaphase, telophase.  
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Prophase   show
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Metaphase   show
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show when the centromere of each chromatid pair splits and the chromatids separate resulting in two daughter chromosomes which are now pulled to oppositeends of the cell ends when daughter chromosomes arrvce at centrioles at opposide ends of the cell.  
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Telophase   show
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show The division that forms the daughter cells, begins in late anaphase. Constriction of cytoplasm when chromosomes near the ends of spindle fibers cleavage furrow. Marks end of cell division.  
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Tumor   show
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Benign   show
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Malignant   show
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show Resulting from malignant cells. The secondary tumors they form are very active and they stimulate growth of blood vessles into the area. this increased blood supply make the tumor grow faster.  
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show Switching off of genes to restrict cell functions.  
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show brings solid objects into the cell  
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Major function of golgi apparatis   show
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show Thee nitrogenous base sequences on mRNA which are complementary to gene triplet.  
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Which is the pulling apart phase in mitosis   show
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S Phase   show
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Which cell functions require ATP?   show
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