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Cell Function

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Term
Definition
show Building blocks of human body.  
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show Cells are the building blocks of all plants and animals, cells are the smallest functioning units of life, cells are produced through division of existing preexisting cells, each cell maintains homeostasis.  
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show Separates cell contents from its watery surrounding environment. Very thin. Regulates exchange with the environment, entrance or ions and nutrients into cell, and waste. Structural support. Contains phospholipids. Only compounds not ions or water enter  
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Cytoplasm   show
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show Phospholipids lie in two distinct layers with hydrophobic tails on inside and hydrophilic heads on outside.  
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show Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration (down concentration gradient). EX: by moving across a lipid portion of membrane or passing through a channel protein of membrane.  
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Osmosis   show
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Osmotic Pressure   show
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show Fluid pressure.  
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Isotonic   show
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Hypotonic   show
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Hemolysis   show
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Crenation   show
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FIlteration   show
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show Membrane proteins bind specific ions or organic substances and carry them across the plasma membrane, through concentration gradient.  
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Co-transport   show
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Facilitated Diffusion   show
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show The high energy bond in ATP provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane. Not dependant on concentration gradient. Can import or export materials regardless of their intracellular or extracellular concentrations.  
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Vesicular Transport   show
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Ednocytosis   show
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Receptor Mediated Endocytosis   show
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Pinocytosis   show
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show Cell eating, produces vesicles containing solid objects that may be as large as the cell itself. Only formed by specialized cells that protect tissues. Pinching off the cell membrane.  
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show The functional reverse of endocytosi, a vesicle created inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and discharges its contents into the extra cellular environment.  
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show Material inside the cell, from plasma membrane to nucleus. Contains cytosol and oraganelles.  
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Cytosol   show
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Organelle   show
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show Inside membrane: nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulem, golgi apparatis, lysosomes, and perixosomes.  
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show Cytocskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, flagella, ribosomes, and proteasomes.  
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Cytoskeleton   show
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show The tiniest strands of cytoskeleton made of actin, a dense layer ouside plasma membrane, and attach it to underlying cytoplasm.  
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Microtubulars   show
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show Small finger shaped projections of plasma membrane on exposed surface of cells, cells digestive tract.  
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show A cylindrical structure composed of triplets of microtubules, in a pair of perpendicular to each other, only in cells that divide.  
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show Long, slender extensions of the plasma membrane, supported by microtubulars. movement requires ATP. Move fluid or secretions across the cell surface.  
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show Much longer that cilia, move a cell through surrounding fluid in sex cells.  
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Ribosomes   show
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show Scattered through cytoplasm and proteins they make enter the cytosol.  
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show Attached to endoplasmic reticulum. go through membran, enter endoplasmic reticulem whcih exports them.  
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Proteasomes   show
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show Membranes inside cell that connect to the surrounding envelope surrounding the nucleus. Responsible for; Synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.  
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show No ribosomes, where carbs and lipids are produced and hormones in sex cells storage of glycerides.  
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show Fixed ribosomes, protein synthesis, sacs deliver proteins to golgi apperatis.  
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Golgi Apparatus   show
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Lysosomes   show
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Autolysis   show
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Peroxisomes   show
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show Ions or molecules that contain unpaired electrons, highly reactant.  
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show Organelle that provides energy to the cell. Double membraned, Outer membrane surrounds organelle, inner membrane has many folds called cristae.  
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Matrix   show
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Aerobic Metabolism   show
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Nucleus   show
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Nuclear Envelope   show
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Nucleoplasm   show
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Nuclear Pores   show
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show Contain DNA in nuclues. 23 pairs in human body, 1 set from each parent. DNA strands wrapped and proteins called histones, DNA + Histones = nucleosomes.  
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Genetic Code   show
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show Has all the triplets needed to produce a protein. Before a gene can be activated, enzymes must temporarily break the bonds between its nitrogenous bases and remove the histone that guards the promotor segments.  
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show The section of a gene that regulates activity (start here sign for enzymes).  
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Transcription   show
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show Communicates between nucleus and cytoplasm. A copy of information contained in the gene, the information is a sequence of nucleotides.  
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Process of Transcription   show
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show The making of proteins using the info by sequence of codons on the mRNA strand.  
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show 1. mRNA has left nucleus and enters cytoplasm to bind to a ribosome 2. tRNA delivers amino acids that will be used by ribosome to assemble the protein 3. ribosomes enclose mRNA 4. second tRNA arrives 5. ribosome enzyes remove amino acid 1 from first tRNA  
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show tRNA, contains a complementary triplet of nitrogenous bases (anticodon) that bind to specific codons on the mRNA.  
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show The duplication of the cells genetic material.  
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Mitosis   show
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Meiosis   show
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Interphase   show
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show Controlled cell death. Helps homeostasis.  
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show Replicates DNA in nucleus every 6-8 hours.  
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show 1. Complimentary strands separate and unwind 2. DNA polymerase binds to exposed nitrogenous bases 3. complementary nucleotides attach to nitrogenous base and form a pair of identicle DNA molecules 4. G2 phase protein synthesis  
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show Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, anaphase, telophase.  
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Prophase   show
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show ends when all chomosomes are alligned in the plane of the metaphase plate, and each chromosome has 2 chromatids  
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Anaphase   show
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Telophase   show
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show The division that forms the daughter cells, begins in late anaphase. Constriction of cytoplasm when chromosomes near the ends of spindle fibers cleavage furrow. Marks end of cell division.  
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show Mass swelling produced by abnormal cell growth and division.  
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show Cells usually remain in one place; in the epithelium tissue type, or connective tissue capsule. rarely life threatening, can be removed.,  
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show No longer responds to normal control mechanisms. Cells spread into surrounding tissues.  
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show Resulting from malignant cells. The secondary tumors they form are very active and they stimulate growth of blood vessles into the area. this increased blood supply make the tumor grow faster.  
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Differentiation   show
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Phagocytosis   show
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show modify and package secretory products and lysosomal ezymes  
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Codons   show
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Which is the pulling apart phase in mitosis   show
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S Phase   show
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Which cell functions require ATP?   show
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