Blood Vessels - hormones, shock, hypertension
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| the adrenal medulla releases ___ and ___, which... | epinephrine & noepinephrine - increases CO by vasoconstriction
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| angiotensin II is generated by ___ | renin released from kidnets
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| what does angiontensin II do? | vasoconstriction - stimulates release of aldosterone & ADH
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| angiontensin II ___ pressure and resistance | increases
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| atrial natriuretic peptide causes.... | vasodilation
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| what does atrial natriuretic do? | antagonizes aldostoreone - increases excretion of sodium & water
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| antidiuretic hormone known as ADH can also be called ___ | vasopressin
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| ADH stimulates ___ | conservation of water by kidneys
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| direct renal mechanisms... | alters how much fluid comes out blood through kidneys
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| what is hypertension? | increase in systolic pressure (higher than 140) & diastolic (over 90)
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| pre-hypertensive means ___ | pressure valves between 120-140 and 80-90
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| pre-hypertensive strains the ___ over years | cardiovascular system
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| pre-hypertensive causes the heart to ____ causing ___ which..... | push against greater resistance - hypertrophy - eventually weakens
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| pre-hypertensive accelelrates ___ | atherosclerosis
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| primary hypertension is caused by ___ | unknown causes - drugs, lifestyle changes
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| what causes secondary hypertension? | a known medical condition such as kidney disease, endocrine disorders, etc
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| circulatory shock is any condition where ___ | blood vessels are inadequately filled (blood doesn't circulate normally)
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| this type of shock is caused by pump failure. | cardiogenic shock
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| ___ shock is due to blood or fluid loss | hypovolemic
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| in hypovolemic shock...what happens? | heart rate increases to raise BP - intense vasoconstriction
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| what is vascular shock? | extreme vasodilation
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| vascular shock can be caused by... | allergic reaction, septic shock or ANS failure
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| the kidneys and abdomen ____ blood flow during exercise | decrease
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| the heart, skeletal muscles and skin ___ blood flow during exercise | increase
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| what happens to the brain blood flow during exercise? | it stays constant
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| in active hyperemia, what happens to blood flow? | it increases in response to greater metabolic activity
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| cerebral vessels __ when mean arterial pressure declines | dilate
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| as mean arterial pressure rises, cerebral vessels ___ | constrict
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| the brain is vulnerable to sudden extreme changes in pressure. fainting occurs when____ | mean arterial pressure falls below 60 mmHg
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| increased capillary permeability is caused by... | pressure goes over 160mmHg
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| hysrostatic pressure is the ___ ___ | pushing pressure - pushes fluid across membrane
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| the "pulling pressure" is known as __ | osmotic pressure
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| in osmotic pressure, what happens? | water is drawn from tissue into capillary bed
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| extrinsic controls ___ during exercise | decrease
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| what happens to mean arterial pressure and cardiac output during exercise? | it increases - while resistance decreases
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