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Chapter 19
Blood Vessels - hormones, shock, hypertension
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the adrenal medulla releases ___ and ___, which... | epinephrine & noepinephrine - increases CO by vasoconstriction |
| angiotensin II is generated by ___ | renin released from kidnets |
| what does angiontensin II do? | vasoconstriction - stimulates release of aldosterone & ADH |
| angiontensin II ___ pressure and resistance | increases |
| atrial natriuretic peptide causes.... | vasodilation |
| what does atrial natriuretic do? | antagonizes aldostoreone - increases excretion of sodium & water |
| antidiuretic hormone known as ADH can also be called ___ | vasopressin |
| ADH stimulates ___ | conservation of water by kidneys |
| direct renal mechanisms... | alters how much fluid comes out blood through kidneys |
| what is hypertension? | increase in systolic pressure (higher than 140) & diastolic (over 90) |
| pre-hypertensive means ___ | pressure valves between 120-140 and 80-90 |
| pre-hypertensive strains the ___ over years | cardiovascular system |
| pre-hypertensive causes the heart to ____ causing ___ which..... | push against greater resistance - hypertrophy - eventually weakens |
| pre-hypertensive accelelrates ___ | atherosclerosis |
| primary hypertension is caused by ___ | unknown causes - drugs, lifestyle changes |
| what causes secondary hypertension? | a known medical condition such as kidney disease, endocrine disorders, etc |
| circulatory shock is any condition where ___ | blood vessels are inadequately filled (blood doesn't circulate normally) |
| this type of shock is caused by pump failure. | cardiogenic shock |
| ___ shock is due to blood or fluid loss | hypovolemic |
| in hypovolemic shock...what happens? | heart rate increases to raise BP - intense vasoconstriction |
| what is vascular shock? | extreme vasodilation |
| vascular shock can be caused by... | allergic reaction, septic shock or ANS failure |
| the kidneys and abdomen ____ blood flow during exercise | decrease |
| the heart, skeletal muscles and skin ___ blood flow during exercise | increase |
| what happens to the brain blood flow during exercise? | it stays constant |
| in active hyperemia, what happens to blood flow? | it increases in response to greater metabolic activity |
| cerebral vessels __ when mean arterial pressure declines | dilate |
| as mean arterial pressure rises, cerebral vessels ___ | constrict |
| the brain is vulnerable to sudden extreme changes in pressure. fainting occurs when____ | mean arterial pressure falls below 60 mmHg |
| increased capillary permeability is caused by... | pressure goes over 160mmHg |
| hysrostatic pressure is the ___ ___ | pushing pressure - pushes fluid across membrane |
| the "pulling pressure" is known as __ | osmotic pressure |
| in osmotic pressure, what happens? | water is drawn from tissue into capillary bed |
| extrinsic controls ___ during exercise | decrease |
| what happens to mean arterial pressure and cardiac output during exercise? | it increases - while resistance decreases |
Created by:
Mariahj25
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