Significant Terms / Figures / Location
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| Rural | Of or relating to the country
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| Urban | Of or relating to the city
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| Laissez Faire | Concept of government not interfering in the workings of economic market
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| Natural Resources | Materials in nature that can be used for economic gain; U.S. had an abundance which fueled industrialization
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| Manual Labor | Physical work done by people, without machines
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| Overproduction | Problem faced by farmers as a result of mechanized farm machinery
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| steam engine drill | Invented by Edwin Drake; used to drill for oil
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| Bessemer Process | Process of converting iron into steel
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| Thomas Edison | American inventor; over 1,000 patents
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| Alexander Graham Bell | Inventor; credited with patenting first practical telephone
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| George Pullman | Inventor, businessman; created comfortable railroad cars that changed transcontinental travel
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| Andrew Carengie | Irish immigramt, wealthy, influential businessman; made fortune in steel industry
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| John D. Rockefeller | Wealthy, influential businessman; made fortune in oil industry
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| Horatio Alger | American author; his popular 10 cent books (dime novels) featured "rags to riches" themes
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| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Wealthy, influential businessman; made fortune in railroad industry
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| J.P. Morgan | Wealthy, influential businessman; made fortune in banking and railroads
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| Chinese and Irish | Immigrant groups credited with building the Transcontinental Railroad
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| monopoly | The market condition that exists when there is only one seller of a product/service; total control
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| Interstate Commerce Act | First law passed by Congress calling for regulation of railroad practices/abuses
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| standardized time zones | The fast pace of train travel led to scheduling difficulties and collisions, leading to these...
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| Promontory Point, Utah | Meeting point for the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad
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| Menlo Park, New Jersey | Thomas Edison's research labratory
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| Pullman, Illinois | Company town where Pullman Sleeping Cars were manufactured; location of nations first labor strike
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| skyscrapers/bridges/barbed wire/farm machinery | New uses for steel in America during industrial boom
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| Populist Party | Significant third party formed by American farmers to force change in Washington
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| railroad industry | #1 customer of steel industry; first industry to be regulated by government
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| specialization | Part of the new, national American economic market due to the railroads; regions specialized in producing certain products
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| Pittsburgh | Specialized in steel manufacturing
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| Cleveland | Home of Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company
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| Sherman Anti- Trust Act | Stated that the creation of monopolies, or trusts was illegal
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| Native Americans | Group most negatively affected by railroads and western expansion
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| Big Business | Term referring to larger companies in size, power, profits and influence.
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| Gospel of Wealth | Essay written by Carnegie; rich have a moral responsibility to give large portions of wealth away.
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| philanthropist | Term refers to a person who donates large sums of money to charitable organizations.
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| Rags to Riches | To rise from meager beginnings to great wealth and success.
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| Robber baron | Negative term for business tycoons in industrial America; greedy, served by own self interest and $.
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| Captain of Industry | Positive take on the role and impact of bug businessmen like Rockefeller and Carnegie
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| Labor Union | Group of workers who organize in an effort to improve working conditions.
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| Samuel Gompers | "Father of Labor Unions"; encouraged many early unions to consolidate and work together.
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| "Mother" Mary Harris Jones | Dedicated her life to improving working conditions for women and children; children's march in front of Teddy Roosevelt
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| Eugene Debs | Radical union leader who favored socialism
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| Child labor laws, 40 hour work week, health insurance, minimum wage, maternity leave, workers compensation, safety codes, paid vacation, overtime | Some of the workers rights earned by early labor union efforts.
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| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, NYC | Worst workplace tragedy in NYC prior to September 11th. Led to public outcry for worker safety laws.
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| Socialism | Economic theory in which wealth is distributed evenly; favored over capitalism by some radical labor union members.
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| Violence | Result of most early labor union strikes; gave unions a bad reputation and hurt early membership growth.
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| William McKinley | Republican, Goldbug candidate in 1896; Canton, Ohio - front porch campaign
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| Goldbugs | Those who favored gold be the only medal to back up the money supply
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| Silverites | Those who proposed both gold and silver to back up the money supply
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| William Jennings Bryan | Populist / Democratic candidate in 1896; one of the greatest speakers of the 20th century
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| mechanization | the process of adding machines to a process
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| specialization | the process of concentrating on and becoming expert in a particular skill
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| interdependence | the dependence of two or more people or things on each other
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