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Industrial Era
Significant Terms / Figures / Location
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rural | Of or relating to the country |
| Urban | Of or relating to the city |
| Laissez Faire | Concept of government not interfering in the workings of economic market |
| Natural Resources | Materials in nature that can be used for economic gain; U.S. had an abundance which fueled industrialization |
| Manual Labor | Physical work done by people, without machines |
| Overproduction | Problem faced by farmers as a result of mechanized farm machinery |
| steam engine drill | Invented by Edwin Drake; used to drill for oil |
| Bessemer Process | Process of converting iron into steel |
| Thomas Edison | American inventor; over 1,000 patents |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Inventor; credited with patenting first practical telephone |
| George Pullman | Inventor, businessman; created comfortable railroad cars that changed transcontinental travel |
| Andrew Carengie | Irish immigramt, wealthy, influential businessman; made fortune in steel industry |
| John D. Rockefeller | Wealthy, influential businessman; made fortune in oil industry |
| Horatio Alger | American author; his popular 10 cent books (dime novels) featured "rags to riches" themes |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Wealthy, influential businessman; made fortune in railroad industry |
| J.P. Morgan | Wealthy, influential businessman; made fortune in banking and railroads |
| Chinese and Irish | Immigrant groups credited with building the Transcontinental Railroad |
| monopoly | The market condition that exists when there is only one seller of a product/service; total control |
| Interstate Commerce Act | First law passed by Congress calling for regulation of railroad practices/abuses |
| standardized time zones | The fast pace of train travel led to scheduling difficulties and collisions, leading to these... |
| Promontory Point, Utah | Meeting point for the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad |
| Menlo Park, New Jersey | Thomas Edison's research labratory |
| Pullman, Illinois | Company town where Pullman Sleeping Cars were manufactured; location of nations first labor strike |
| skyscrapers/bridges/barbed wire/farm machinery | New uses for steel in America during industrial boom |
| Populist Party | Significant third party formed by American farmers to force change in Washington |
| railroad industry | #1 customer of steel industry; first industry to be regulated by government |
| specialization | Part of the new, national American economic market due to the railroads; regions specialized in producing certain products |
| Pittsburgh | Specialized in steel manufacturing |
| Cleveland | Home of Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company |
| Sherman Anti- Trust Act | Stated that the creation of monopolies, or trusts was illegal |
| Native Americans | Group most negatively affected by railroads and western expansion |
| Big Business | Term referring to larger companies in size, power, profits and influence. |
| Gospel of Wealth | Essay written by Carnegie; rich have a moral responsibility to give large portions of wealth away. |
| philanthropist | Term refers to a person who donates large sums of money to charitable organizations. |
| Rags to Riches | To rise from meager beginnings to great wealth and success. |
| Robber baron | Negative term for business tycoons in industrial America; greedy, served by own self interest and $. |
| Captain of Industry | Positive take on the role and impact of bug businessmen like Rockefeller and Carnegie |
| Labor Union | Group of workers who organize in an effort to improve working conditions. |
| Samuel Gompers | "Father of Labor Unions"; encouraged many early unions to consolidate and work together. |
| "Mother" Mary Harris Jones | Dedicated her life to improving working conditions for women and children; children's march in front of Teddy Roosevelt |
| Eugene Debs | Radical union leader who favored socialism |
| Child labor laws, 40 hour work week, health insurance, minimum wage, maternity leave, workers compensation, safety codes, paid vacation, overtime | Some of the workers rights earned by early labor union efforts. |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, NYC | Worst workplace tragedy in NYC prior to September 11th. Led to public outcry for worker safety laws. |
| Socialism | Economic theory in which wealth is distributed evenly; favored over capitalism by some radical labor union members. |
| Violence | Result of most early labor union strikes; gave unions a bad reputation and hurt early membership growth. |
| William McKinley | Republican, Goldbug candidate in 1896; Canton, Ohio - front porch campaign |
| Goldbugs | Those who favored gold be the only medal to back up the money supply |
| Silverites | Those who proposed both gold and silver to back up the money supply |
| William Jennings Bryan | Populist / Democratic candidate in 1896; one of the greatest speakers of the 20th century |
| mechanization | the process of adding machines to a process |
| specialization | the process of concentrating on and becoming expert in a particular skill |
| interdependence | the dependence of two or more people or things on each other |
Created by:
smithleslie
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