Blood - The clotting process, disorders of Hemostasis
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| hemostasis: | stops the bleeding
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| when blood clots, it plugs holes in ___ to ___ | blood vessels - stop leaking
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| what are the 3 stages of hemostasis? | vascular spasm, platelet plug formation & coagulation
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| what happens during the vascular spasm? | the smooth muscle contracts - which slows bleeding
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| in platelet plug formation: | formed elements activates damaged tissue that make platelets sticky- forms plug that temporally seals vessel break
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| the collagen gets exposed in what step of hemostasis? | platelet plug formation
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| in coagulation, what happens? | fibrin forms a mesh that acts as a molecular glue - > traps RBC's & platelets -> clot forms
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| what protein is involved in final step of clotting? | thrombin
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| plasma proteins are produced by the: | liver
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| in coagulation, intrinsic means: | found in the blood
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| in coagulation, extrinsic means: | comes from outside from other tissues
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| the prothrombin activator is made in __ and requires ___ | intrinsic - calcium
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| when is thrombin activated? | in the extrinsic process
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| what enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin? | thrombin
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| after thrombin clings to fibrinogen, what is produced? | a cross-linked fibrin mesh
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| what dissolves the clot? | TPA
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| what are anticoagulants? | helps balance the clotting factors
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| low-dose aspirin, heparin, and warfarin are all examples of: | anticoagulants
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| fibrinolysis gets rid of __ | the clot when tissue is healing
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| heparin inhibits __ | vitamin K
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| what enzyme digests fibrin? | plasmin
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| endothelial cells around clot secretes __ that converts __ to __ | TPA -> plasminogen -> plasmin
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| __ and __ also activates plasmiogen | activator 12 & thrombin
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| a clot that develops & persists when there is no clot in the vessel is called a__ | thombus
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| a thombus may be broken free & floats through the blood vessel | embolus
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| what is an embolism? | an embolus that's stuck & obstructing a blood vessel
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| thrombocytopmeia means: | you don't have enough platelets
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| if factor __ and __ is missing, you will have a problem with clotting | 11 & 12
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| what is required for clotting factor production by the liver? | vitamin K
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| an __ is anything that can make an antibody | antigen
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| the number of disorders caused by deficiences in the blood factor is called: | hemophilia
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| bleeding disorders arise from: | interfering with clotting
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| what blood type is the universal donor? | O
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| what blood type is the universal recipient? | AB
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| blood type AB has: | no antibodies & AB antigens
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| blood type A has: | A antigens & Anti-B antibodies
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| blood type B has: | B antigens & Anti-A antibodies
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| blood type O is composed of: | no antigens & Anti-A & Anti-B antibodies
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| blood that can be received by blood type AB | A, B, AB, & O
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| blood that can be received by blood type B | B,O
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| blood that can be received by blood type A | A,O
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| blood that can be received by blood type O | O
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| what is free hemoglobin toxic to? | kidneys
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| what can happen if you get the wrong type of blood? | fever
allergic reaction
hemolysis
lung problems
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| transfusion reactions can be __ or __ due to: | acute or delayed - antibody reaction to donor cells
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