Blood
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| what are the 3 functions of the blood? | transportation, regulation, protection
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| waste gets excreted through the __ | kidney
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| in transportation, what happens? | oxygen & nutrients gets delivered to the body tissues
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| when waste gets removed, hormones are transported from the __ to ___ | endocrine cells -> target organs
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| what is the function of hemoglobin? | transports respiratory gases
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| maintaining body temperature, regulating blood pH, fluid volume & heat loss/distribution is apart of __ | regulation
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| when the blood vessels are damaged __ and __ initiate clot formation | plasma & platelets
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| blood is composed of: | plasma & formed elements
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| this is the liquid portion that counts for 55% of the blood. | plasma
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| hemoglobin binds to __ | oxygen
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| formed elements arise from hematopoietic cells in __ | bone marrow
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| RBC's make up__ of the blood | 45%
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| the proteins of plasma: | albumin, globulin & fibrogen
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| fibrogen helps with__ | clotting
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| globulin | immune response
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| albumin is is control of: | locking fluid in
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| the plasma consists of: | proteins. nutrients, electrolytes, respiratory gases & hormones
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| ___ blood cells can go through the blood vessels easily | red
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| what protein makes RBC's red? | hemoglobin
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| this results from single amino acid change in beta chain of hemoglobin. | sickle cell anemia
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| __ binds easily and is reversible to oxygen | hemoglobin
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| the stage in erythrocyte development when the nucleus is lost. | reticuloyte
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| heme has __ in it. this is why it can bind to __ | has iron - oxygen
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| globin | amino acids
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| red blood cells main function is: | oxygen transport
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| hypoxic means: | low oxygen
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| this type of blood cell has no nucleus & no organelles. | RBC's
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| ___ enhances the release of EPO. this is the reason why males have a higher __ | testoreone - hematocrit
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| RBC's has a __ structure | quarternary
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| how many oxygen molecules can be transported by 1 hemoglobin molecule? | 4
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| polycthemia | too many RBC's
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| when enough blood cells aren't getting produced, it is referred to as: | anemia
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| what is hematocrit? | percentage of red blood cells in the blood
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| polycythemia vera is | bone marrow cancer
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| polycthemia ___ viscosity of the blood | increases
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| a buffy coat is ___ and is located __ | a layer of white blood cells - between the RBC's and plasma
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| white blood cells known as (leukocytes) helps the body: | fight infection (immune system)
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| the only formed element that has organelles and a nucleus. | WBC's
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| leukocytes are grouped in 2 main categories called? | granulocytes & agranulocytes
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| granulocytes are composed of: | neutrophils, eosinophil & basophil
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| basophils contain __ which helps with: | histamine - inflammation
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| what is the most numerous WBC? | neutrophils
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| the least numerous WBC is__ | basophils
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| neutrophils: | active phagocytes
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| this leukocyte attack parasitic worms | eosinophil
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| with this type of leukocyte, numbers increase during an allergic reaction. | eosinophil
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| monocytes contain: | macrophages
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| lympocytes | immune system
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| ___ is stimulated from the bone marrow when oxygen is too low | EPO
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| EPO formation can be triggered by: | iron deficiency, reduced availability to oxygen & reduced numbers of RBC's (due to bleeding or excessive RBC destruction)
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| leukocytosis | when EBC count is over 11,000
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| abnormally low WBC is known as: | leukopenia
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| overproduction of abnormal white blood cells is known as | leukemia
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| what regulates platelet formation? | thrombopoietin
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| platelets are cell fragments called ___ formed in the bone marrow | megakaryocytes
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