anatomy
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| cell 2 cell junction that form mechanical n electrical connections between all cardiac contractile n conduction cells r called | gap junctions
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| myocyte/contractile cell membrane is called | sarcolima
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| filled with extracellular fluid and has extensions of plasma membrane penetrate into the cell n r open to the extracellular space | t-tubules
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| the t-tubules allow 4 the movement of large amounts of------into the cell where it moves into the sarcoplasmic reticulum | calcium
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| endoplasmic reticulum is called | sarcoplasmic reticulum
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| sarcoplasmic reticulum store ---------- obtained from the t-tubules | calcium
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| myosin, actin, troponin, tropomyocin | 3 contractile/motor proteins in the contractile cell
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| myosin is referred to as a --------- protein with small projections called bridges or ===== | thick, heads
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| thin, double | actin is referred to as ====== protein arranged in a ===== strand
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| actin proteins contain binding sites | 4 myosin heads
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| actin also includes the proteins | tropomyocin and troponin complex
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| there are 3 parts to troponin | troponin I,T, and C
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| troponin C | portion of the complex interacts with calcium
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| located n the groove between the 2 actin strands and covers the myosin binding sites on the actin | tropomyocin
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| sarcomere | a contractile unit of the actin n myosin proteins
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| a conduction cell | generates an action potential
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| the conduction cell === and causes=== gated sodium and calcium channels in the ===== to open | depolarizes, voltage, and gap junctions
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| sodium and calcium | moves into the contractile cells
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| na+ and ca++ causes the charge in the cell to become more==== and changes the ==== | positive, membrane potential
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| the change in membrane potential causes==== channels to open and tons of na+ moves into cell | voltage gated fast sodium
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| when na+ moves into cell membrane to on the action potential wave | depolarizes, also called phase 0
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| during phase 0, k+ channels are | closed
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| tons of sodium move in the inside of the inner cell membrane become ---- and referred to as | positive, "overshoot" or phase 1
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| positive charge in "overshoot" causes======= to open and ==== starts moving into contractile cells from ====== | voltage gated slow calcium
calcium
extracelluar fluid
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| phase 2 on the action potential wave is called | plateau
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| the calcium moving into the cell during the plateau phase causes a voltage change inside the cell. | causes voltage gated calcium channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to open and tons of calcium moves in the sarcoplasm
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| calcium binds to======which changes its shape/conformation | troponin c
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| the shape change rolls ==== off the myosin binding active sites on the==== | tropomyocin, actin
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| === hydrolysis causes the myosin heads to change their shape. they move onto the myosin binding sites on the ====, this process is called=== | ATP,
actin
bridging
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| as long as === and == are present the cross bridging continues | atp
ca++
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| the myosin heads shift and move | the actin forward
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| in relaxation ===and binds to the myosin heads and they detach from the ===;everything moves back to its original position to get ready for the next contraction | atp
actin
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| which type of calcium movement creates the electrical currents in the cardiac myocyte | calcium movement across the sarcolemma
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| calcium movement out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum occurs by | diffusion, from higher to lesser concentration
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| calcium moves back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by | active transport, lesser to higher concentration
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| calcium moves back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum during | diastole
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