Notes from ST for the ST
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| Type of popular, inexpensive, lightweight casting material | fiberglass
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| 4 muscles of the rotator cuff | infraspinatus, teres minor, subscarpularis, and supraspinatus
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| 3 types of traction | manual, skin, skeletal
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| commonly used hemostatic agents in orthopedic surgery | gelfoam, avitene, thrombin, and bone wax
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| What are some instruments used for taking a graft? | gouges, osteotomes, curettes, mallet
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| hard, dense tissue of bone that surrounds the marrow cavity | compact/cortical bone
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| found at the ends of bone and lining the medullary marrow | cancellous or spongy bone
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| a semisolid tissue that is found in the spaces of cancellous bone | bone marrow
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| Bones that are found within tendonsexamples: patella; the "ball" of the foot | sesamoid (round) bones
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| Immovable | synarthrosis
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| slightly movable | amphiarthrosis
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| freely movable joint | diarthrosis
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| moving a body part away from the midline of the body | abduction
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| moving a body part toward the midline of the body | adduction
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| Moving a particular body part in a circular path without moving the entire body part | circumduction
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| movinga a body part around a central axis | rotation
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| bending the foot upward at the ankle joint | dorsiflexion
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| bending the foot downward at the ankle joint | plantar flexion
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| bending a joint | flexion
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| straightening a joint | extension
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| cells that are responsible for the breakdown and reabsorption of bone | osteoclast
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| abnormal stiffness or fixation of a joint usually resulting from the destruction of articular cartilage as occurs in rheumatoid arthritis | ankylosis
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| pain in a joint | arthralgia
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| puncture of a joint with a needle to withdraw synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid due to trauma or infection | arthrocentesis
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| surgical fusion of a joint | arthrodesis
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| surgical reconstruction and/or replacement of a joint to restore movement | arthroplasty
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| surgical procedure in which the interior of a joint is visualized through the use of an endoscope inserted through a small incision | arthroscopy
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| fracture of the epiphysis of the radius approximately one inch from the wrist joint causing the hand to be displaced in a dorsal and lateral position | colles fracture
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| surgical removal of the posterior arch of the vertebra called the lamina to reduce pressure on a nerve root | laminectomy
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| inflammation of bone and cartilage | osteochondritis
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| formation of bone | osteogenesis
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| genetic and congenital condition that involves the defective development of connective tissue resulting in deformed and abnormally brittle bones that are easily fractured | osteogenesis imperfecta
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| tumor of the bone | osteoma
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| softening of the bone | osteomalacia
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| inflammation and infection of the bone and bone marrow usually caused by bacteria (staph) | osteomyelitis
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| destruction and death of bone tissue | osteonecrosis
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| excessive loss in calcium from bone without replacement | osteoporosis
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| cutting or sawing in the bone | osteotomy
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| surgical removal of the synovial of a joint | synovectomy
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| What is the largest and most complex of the synovial joints? | knee
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| What is pronation? | Pointing a body part downward
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| supination? | Pointing a body part upward
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| Know examples of a cartilaginous joint. | Intervertebral disk
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| fracture of the fibula near the ankle, often accompanied by a break in the medial malleolus of the tibia and/or rupture of the internal lateral ligament | Potts fracture
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| an angulated fracture of the distal radius at the epiphysis approximately 1 inch from the wrist joint | Colles’ Fracture
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| Transverse fracture through the neck of the femur | Transcervical Fracture
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| Which bone articulates with the distal tibia and fibula? | Talus bone
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| Where is the medial malleolus? | At its distal end, the tibia expands to form a prominence on the inner ankle called the medial malleolus.
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| Where is the sacroiliac joint? | Between the sacrum at the base of the spine and the ilium of the pelvis. Posteriorly, the ilium joins the sacrum at the sacroiliac joint.
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| What is at the anterior portion of the coxal bone? | pubis
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| What articulates with the head of the femur? | acetabulum
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| Which bone articulates with the glenoid cavity to form the shoulder joint? | humerus
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| The end of which bone articulates with the manubrium? | Clavicle
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| What articulates with the distal clavicle and provides attachments for muscles of the arms and chest? | Acromion process
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| What medical term is used to refer to the first seven rib pairs? | true
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| Which bones are attached to each of the thoracic vertebrae? | ribs
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| What is the initial step in the body's repair of a fracture? | Blood clot
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| Which type of cells break down and assimilate bone? | osteoclasts
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| Where are osteocytes located? | They are located in minute bony chambers called lacuna.
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| What are the distal and proximal ends of long bones called? | epiphyses
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| Which bone is posterior to the mandible and anterior to the trachea? | hyoid
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| What is the name of the second cervical vertebra? | Axis
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| During a total hip replacement surgery, which instrument is used to replace the femoral head? | Intramedullary reamer
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| Where are Bone grafts usually taken from? | Iliac crest
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| What is manipulating bone fracture fragments into alignment without incising the skin called? | Closed reduction
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| What are the clinical signs and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome? | Numbness of fingers
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| What does ORIF stand for? | Open Reduction Internal Fixation
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| What is the process of using screw and plate geometry to apply forces at a fracture site called? | Dynamic compression
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| What is the correct sequence of surgical instruments for the insertion of a bone screw? | Drill, depth gauge, tap, screw
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| Which suture can be used to attach tendon to bone? | polyester
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| What is the primary reason for performing a total joint arthroplasty? | Degenerative joint disease
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| Which instrument is used to prepare the acetabulum? | reamer
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| On which bone is the chamfer cut performed during a total knee arthroplasty? | femur
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| How many components are implanted during a total knee arthroplasty? | four
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| Which ligament originates from the anterior intercondylar area of the tibia and extends to the lateral condyle of the femur? | Anterior cruciate
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| Which piece of equipment would not typically be used during a knee arthroscopy? | insufflator
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| What can be used as an allograft for an ACL reconstruction? | Tibialis anterior
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| Which procedure is performed to correct impingement syndrome? | acromioplasty
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| During a rotator cuff repair, the suture anchor is placed into the bone and then it is passed through the ____. | Torn tendon and tied
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| Femoral shaft fractures are immediately treated by _____. | Surgical intervention
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| An ACL reconstruction is performed to repair the ____ stability of the knee. | anterior
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| What is the primary purpose of meniscus surgery? | To preserve as much of the torn meniscus as possible
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| What is a broach used for? | To remove cancellous bone
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| What is contained in the pectoral girdle? | Glenohumeral, sternoclavicular, and acromioclavicular(AC) joints
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| What is contained in the quadriceps? | Rectus femoris and vastus lateralis
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| What is the name of the concave indentation that serves as the socket for the head of the femur? | acetabulum
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| The acromion is part of which bone? | clavicle
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| When is the pneumatic tourniquet routinely inflated? | After exsanguination is accomplished
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| What can be used to reduce a fracture? | traction
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| What chemical is also referred to as bone cement? | methylmethacrylate
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| During an ACL reconstruction, which instrument might a surgeon use to remove excess bone from the femoral tunnel? | Pituitary rongeur
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| In an ACL reconstruction, which device is used immediately following the insertion of the tibial guide? | Guide pin
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| Which muscles are used for an autograft ACL reconstruction? | Semitendinosus, gracilis
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| What two bones are involved in a patella tendon harvest for an ACL reconstruction? | Tibia and patella
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| The goal of ulnar nerve transposition is to free the ulnar nerve from the? | medial epicondyle groove and move it anteriorly.
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| What is a name given to a bunion repair? | Keller Bunionectomy
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| Which medical condition is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spinal column and may require a posterior spinal fusion with the use of Harrington rods? | scoliosis
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