Ch 9 The Endocrine System
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| acidosis | abnormal accumulation of waste materials that are acidic
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| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of the eyes
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| goiter | abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by a tumor
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| hypersecretion | abnormal increase in hormone production
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| hyposecretion | abnormal decrease in hormone production
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| ketosis | excessive amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine (Ketoacidosis)
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| polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| polyuria | excretion of abnormally large volumes of urine
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| acromegaly | enlargement of bone structure most prominent in the face and hands; due to hypersecretion of growth hormone from pituitary gland
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| Addison's disease | chronic syndrome caused by hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex
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| adenitis | inflammation of a gland
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| adenosis | abnormal condition of a gland
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| adrenal virilism | excessive production of androgen by the adrenal corex
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| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal gland
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| adrenocorticohyperplasia | abnormal development of the adrenal cortex
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| adrenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the adrenal glands
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| adrenopathy | general disease of the adrenal gland
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| calcipenia | deficiency of calcium (hypocalcemia)
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| cretinism | congenital hypothyroidism in childern
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| cushing's syndrome | syndrome that results from hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex; characterized by obesity, moonface, hyperclycemia, and muscle weakness
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| diabetes insipidus | caused by hyosecretion of ADH by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland with symptoms that include polydipsia and polyuria; abbreviated DI
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| diabetes mellitus | Chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism; abbreviated DM
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| endocrinopathy | general disease of the endocrine system
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| hirsutism | the presence of excessive body hair
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| hypercalcemia | abnomally high calcium levels in the blood
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| hyperinsulinism | excessive amounts of insulin in the blood
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| hyperkalemia | abnormally high potassium levels in the blood
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| hyperparathyroidism | hypersecretion of the parathyroid glands
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| hyperthyroidism | hypersecretion of the thyroid gland
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| hypocalcemia | abnormally low calcium levels in the blood
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| hypoglycemia | abnormally low blood sugar levels
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| hypokalemia | abnormally low potassium levels in the blood
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| hyponatremia | abnormally low sodium levels in the blood
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| hypoparathyroidism | hyposecretion of the parathyroid gland
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| hypothyroidism | hyposecretion of the thyroid gland
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| myxedema | advanced hypothyroidism in adults with the characteristics of low energy, swollen hands, and face and dry skin
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| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas
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| parathyroidoma | tumor of the parathyroid gland
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| pituitary dwarfism | caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland at an early age. Slows growth and caues a short but proportional stature
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| pituitary gigantism | caused by hypersecretion of the growth hormone that begins before puberty
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| syndrome | disorder with an arrayof symptoms and involves multipule organs
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| tetany | caused by deficiency of parathyroid hormone
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| thyrotoxicosis | condition that results from excessive thyroid hormone levels
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| adrenalectomy | surgical excision of the adrenal gland
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| endocrinologist | physician who specializes in the treatment of endocrine disorders
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| endocrinology | field of medicine that focuses on the study and treatment of endocrine disorders
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| fasting blood sugar | diagnostic test to determine blood sugar levels following a 12 hour fast; abbreviated FBS
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| glucose tolerance test | diagnostic test to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and to determine other abnormalities in glucose metabolism; abbreviated GTT
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| hormone replacement therapy | the use of a drug that replaces a hormone to correct a hormone deficiency; abbreviated HRT
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| parathyroidectomy | surgical excision of one or more parathyroid glands
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| postprandial blood sugar | a measurement of blood sugar levels over two hours after a meal; abbreviated PPBS
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| radioactive iodine uptake | diagnostic procedure that measures thyroid function in which radioactive iodine uptake into the thyroid gland is measured; abbreviated RAIU
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| radioiodine thereapy | the use of radioactive iodine to treat a disease of the thyroid gland, suh as a thyroid tumor
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| thyroid scan | diagnostic procedure that records an image of the thyroid gland following the oral administration of a labeled substance, usually iodine
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| thyroidectomy | surgical excesion of the thyroid gland
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| thyroidotomy | incision into the thyroid gland
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| thyroparathyroidectomy | surgical excision of the thyroid and parathyroid glands
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| thyroxine test | a direct measurement of the amount of thyroxine in the blood to determine hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism
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