Lymphatic & Immune System
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What are the three main functions of the Lymphatic System? | Maintenance of fluid balance, absorption of fats, & immunity
🗑
|
||||
| What is fluid balance in the lymphatic system? | Lymph fluid is formed from tissue left behind after capillary exchange; absorbs fluid not reabsorbed by the capillaries & returns it to the bloodstream
🗑
|
||||
| Define lymph? | A clear, colorless fluid similar to plasma but with a lower protein content
🗑
|
||||
| What direction does lymph flow in? | Flows in only one direction; away from the tissues
🗑
|
||||
| Describe the lymphatic vessels | Filled with lymph, have thin walls & valves to prevent back flow. Formed by a thin layer of epithelial cells
🗑
|
||||
| How does the fluid move in the lymphatic system? | Fluid moves passively, aided by the rhythmic contraction of skeletal muscles (respiration causes pressure changes that help propel lymph from the abdomen to the thoracic cavity
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two collecting ducts in the Lypmhatic system? | Right Lymphatic duct & Thoracic duct
🗑
|
||||
| Where does the right lymphatic duct drain from and to? | Drains from the URQ of the body into the right subclavian vein
🗑
|
||||
| Where does the thoracic duct drain from and to? | Drains from the rest of the body into the subclavian vein
🗑
|
||||
| What are the lymphatic nodules that reside in the small intestines called? | Peyer's patches
🗑
|
||||
| What are the primary lymphatic organs? | Red bone marrow & thymus; these provide a location for B and T lymphocytes to mature
🗑
|
||||
| What are the secondary lymphatic organs? | Lymphnodes, tonsils, spleen; these contain lymphocytes that have matured in red bone marrow or the thymus
🗑
|
||||
| What are the lymphatic tissues that exist in masses called? | Lymphatic nodules
🗑
|
||||
| What are examples of passages that open to the outside of the body that contain a covering of lymphocytes in there mucosa linings? | Respiratory, digestive, urinary, & reproductive tracts
🗑
|
||||
| What are the functions of the lymph nodes? | Remove pathogens from the lymph
🗑
|
||||
| What forms and releases lymphocytes when an infection is present? | Germinal centers
🗑
|
||||
| What is the pharyngeal tonsil? (be able to locate) | Single tonsil that sits on the wall of the pharynx, just behind the nasal cavity
🗑
|
||||
| What is another term for pharyngeal tonsil? | Adenoid
🗑
|
||||
| Describe the spleen and its location | It's approximately the size of a fist, it is the largest lymphatic organ and is located in the ULQ (inferior to the diaphragm)
🗑
|
||||
| What protects the spleen? | Lower ribs
🗑
|
||||
| What are the spleens functions? | Immunity, destruction of RBC's, & blood storage
🗑
|
||||
| What happens with immunity in the spleen? | Screen blood for foreign antigen; ingest & destroy and microorgansisms
🗑
|
||||
| What happens with destruction of RBC's in the spleen? | Digest worn out RBCs and imperfect platelets, recycle hemoglobin, salvaging iron & globin - returning it to the bone marrow and liver for later use
🗑
|
||||
| What happens with blood storage in the spleen? | Helps stabilize blood volume by rapidly adding blood back into general circulation; stores 20%-30% of the body's platelets
🗑
|
||||
| What are the immune systems three lines of defense? | External barriers; Nonspecific immunity, and specific immunity
🗑
|
||||
| What are the external barriers? | Skin & mucous membranes
🗑
|
||||
| What is non-specific immunity? | Mechanisms present at birth
🗑
|
||||
| What is specific immunity? | Body retains a memory of a pathogen after defeating it
🗑
|
||||
| What does non-specific immunity do? | Protects against a broad range of pathogens using a variety of mechanisms such as, external barriers, phagocytosis, and anti microbial proteins
🗑
|
||||
| Define external barriers in non-specific immunity | Mucus membranes lining the digestive, respiratory, urinary, & reproductive tracts produce mucus that physically traps pathogens; mucus, tears, and saliva contain an enzyme called lysozyme which destroys bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| What is phagocytosis? | Sole job is to ingest & destroy microorgansisms & other small particles
🗑
|
||||
| What are the most important phagocytes? | Neurtophils & macrophages
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two types of proteins that help provide non-specific immunity against bacterial & viral invasion? | Interferons & complement system
🗑
|
||||
| What is a neutrophil? | Phagocyte that travel to sites of infection after being summoned by a chemical released from inflamed cells
🗑
|
||||
| What are interferons? | Protein that binds to surface receptors on neighboring cells triggering production of enzymes within the cells that prevent a virus from replicating
🗑
|
||||
| What is the first step in the complement system? | More that 20 different types off proteins (called complement) circulate in the blood steam in an inactive form
🗑
|
||||
| What is the second step in the complement system? | Bacteria or antibodies against the bacteria, activate the compliment
🗑
|
||||
| What is the third step in the complement system? | Complement reaction continues a cascade of chemical reactions; with one complement protein activating the next
🗑
|
||||
| What is the fourth step in the complement system? | Eventually holes are punched in the bacterium and it swells and burst
🗑
|
||||
| Define natural killer cells? | Unique group of lymphocytes; roam the body; most involve the secretion of chemicals that causes the cell to die and break apart
🗑
|
||||
| What are the classic signs of inflammation? | Swelling, redness, heat & pain
🗑
|
||||
| What is another term for fever? | Pyrexia
🗑
|
||||
| What does a fever do? | Inhibits the reproduction of bacteria & viruses
🗑
|
||||
| What is a fever? | Abnormal elevation of the body's temperature
🗑
|
||||
| Define specific immunity | Directed against a specific pathogen
🗑
|
||||
| Describe cellular (cell-mediated) immunity | Has T cells, aims to destroy foreign cells or host cells that have become infected with a pathogen
🗑
|
||||
| Describe humoral (antiboy-mediated) immunity | Has B cells, focuses on pathogens outside the host cells; it sends out antibodies to "mark" a pathogen for later destruction
🗑
|
||||
| Which specific immunity system uses lymphocytes and antibodies? | Both - Cellular immunity & Humoral immunity
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two weapons used in the specific immunity process? | T-cells & B-cells
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three classes of lymphocytes? | Natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, & B lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| What are T lymphocytes? | Develop in bone marrow & mature in the thymus
🗑
|
||||
| What are B lymphocytes? | Develop in bone marrow & remain there until fully developed
🗑
|
||||
| What happens when a lymphocyte is mature? | It migrates to lymphatic organs & tissues throughout the body
🗑
|
||||
| What is another name for antibodies? | Immunoglobulins
🗑
|
||||
| What is the most abundant of all the immunoglobulins? | IgG (makes up 80% of all circulating antibodies)
🗑
|
||||
| Describe cellular immunity | Destroys pathogen within a cell
🗑
|
||||
| What are the three classes of T cells? | Cytotoxic T cells, Memory T cells & Helper T Cells
🗑
|
||||
| What do the Helper T cells do? | Play a supportive role; secrete chemicals that summon neutrophils and natural killer cells
🗑
|
||||
| What is Humoral Immunity? | Focuses on pathogens outside the cell
🗑
|
||||
| How does humoral immunity work? | Uses antibodies to mark antigen for later destruction
🗑
|
||||
| What range of tactics to antibodies use to defeat antigens? | Prevent the antigen from attaching to a human cell; triggers agglutination; triggers the complement cascade of chemical reactions
🗑
|
||||
| What is anaphylaxis? | A severe, immediate allergic reaction that affects the whole body
🗑
|
||||
| What happens when someone is exposed to an allergen? | First exposure, body produces IgE, which makes the person sensitized
Mast cells release histamine
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two different types of immunity? | Active - permanent or at least long lasting
Passive - Immunity last only a few months
🗑
|
||||
| Receive rabies serum after being bitten by stray dog | Artificial passive immunity
🗑
|
||||
| Person receives immunization | Artifical active immunity
🗑
|
||||
| Person develops immunity after having disease | Natural active immunity
🗑
|
||||
| From mother to newborn | Natural passive immunity
🗑
|
||||
| What is hypersensitivity? | Inappropriate or excessive response of the immune system (allergic reaction)
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
tandkhopkins
Popular Anatomy sets