The Muscular System
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| what are the 3 types of muscle? | Cardiac, Smooth and Skeletal
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| what muscle is only found in the heart? | cardiac
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| Is the cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary? | voluntary
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| what involuntary muscle is found in the digestive tract? | smooth muscle
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| what voluntary muscle causes body movement? | skeletal
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| what is the skeletal muscle made of? | muscle fiber
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| what is the layer of connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole and binds all the muscle fibers? | epimysium
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| what attaches to the bone by tendons? | muscle
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| what are tendons made of? | strong cords of fibrous connective tissue
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| what is myofibril? | long protein bundles that fill the sarcoplasm
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| what 2 things does myofibril store? | glycogen and oxygen
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| what stacks together to form the myofibrils? | thin myofilaments and thick myofilaments
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| ATP and calcium are required to do what? | contract the muscle
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| what does the skeletal muscle require for contraction? | stimulation by a motor neuron
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| what is muscle tone? | a continuous state of partial muscle contraction in which muscles are at their optimal resting state.
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| what is a motor unit? | a neuron and all the fibers it stimulates
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| what is the minimum voltage needed to cause muscle fiber contractions? | threshold
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| what is the force of a muscle contraction affected by? | size of the muscle, degree of stretch, and number of muscle fibers contracting.
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| what is the condition of rapid contraction with only partial relaxation? | incomplete tetanus
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| what is the meaning of anaerobic? | without oxygen
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| what type of respiration can generate energy quickly to use for intense bursts of activity? | anaerobic respiration
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| what is the main muscle triggering movement? | prime mover
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| the muscles that assist are called? | synergists
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| the muscles balancing the movements of the prime mover and synergists is? | antagonists
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| when a lack of use causes the muscle fibers and the entire muscle to shrink is? | atrophy
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| define bi? | 2 origins
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| what muscle that raises the eyebrow when glancing upward? | frontalis
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| what muscle that flexes the head? | sternocleidomastoid
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| what elevates the ribs during respiration? | external intercostals
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| what depresses the ribs during forced exhalation? | internal intercostals
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| what enlarges the thorax to trigger inspiration? | diaphragm
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| what are the 3 muscles used for breathing? | external intercostals, internal intercostals, and diaphragm
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| what flexes the lumbar region of the spinal column to cause bending forward at the waist? | rectus abdominis
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| what ABDUCTS, flexes, and rotates the arm? | deltoid
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| what flexes and ADDUCTS the upper arm? | pectoralis major
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| what stabilizes the scapula during arm movements? | trapezius
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| what is the bulging calf muscle? | gastrocnemius
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| what is the most powerful muscle in the body? | quadriceps femoris
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| what is the prime mover when extending the forearm? | triceps brachii
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| what is the muscle that extends the upper arm backward? | latissimus doris
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| what lies superficially between the ribs and elevates the ribs during inspiration? | external intercostals
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| what is the longest muscle in the body and aids in the function of the hip and knee? | sartorius
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| what muscle flexes the thigh? | Iliopsoas
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