Ch. 10 The Cardiovascular System
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| angina pectoris | chest pain usually caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart
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| angiospasm | abnormal contractions(spasms) of a blood vessel wall
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| angiostenosis | narrowing of a blood vessel
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| arrhythmia | any loss of rhythm in the heartbeat
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| bradycardia | an abnormally slow heart rate
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| cardiodynia | a sensation of pain in the heart
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| cardiogenic | a condition that originates in the heart
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| cardiomegaly | abnormal hypertrophy (enlargement) of the heart
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| cyanosis | blue coloration of the skin and muccous membranes ( caused by oxygen deficiency
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| dysrhythmia | a disturbance or abnormality of the hearts normal rhythmic cycle
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| palpitation | an experience of pounding, racin=, or skipping of the heartbeat
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| tachycardia | a fast heartbeat
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| aneurysm | bulging of an arterial wall caused by a congenital defect or an acquired weakness of the arterial wall produced as blood is pushed against it
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| angiocarditis | inflammation of the heart and blood vessels
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| angioma | tumor that arises from a blood vessel
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| arteriorrhexais | rupture of an artery
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| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteris
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| atherosclerosis | narrowing of an artery due to the deposition of a fatty plaque along the internal wall
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| atrial septal defect | congenital condition characterized by an opening in the septum that separates the right and left atria, allowing blood to pass between the atria. Abbreviated ASD
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| atrioventricular defect | defect, usually congenital, that alters the structure of both an atrium and a ventricle
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| cardiac arrest | cessation of the heart activity
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| cardiomyopathy | a general disease of the heart muscle
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| cardiovalvulitis | inflammation of the heart valves
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| claudication | a limp when walking, caused by poor circulation
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| congestive heart failure | chronic condition characterized by the inability of the left ventricle to pump enough blood through the body to adequately supply systemic tissues. Abbreviate CHF; also Left ventricular failure
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| coronary artery disease | generalized condition of the arteries of the heart,characterized by a reduction of blood flow to the heart wall; the most common cause is atherosclerosis;abbreviated CAD
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| coronary occlusion | blockage of an artery that supplies the heart;;
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| deep vein thrombosis | the abnormal presences of stationary blood clots within the deep veins of the leg; Abbreviated DVT
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| embolism | floating blood clot
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| endocarditis | inflammation of the endocardium
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| fibrillation | uncoordinated, rapid contractions of the ventricles or atria
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| heart attack | acute episode during which the myocardium is deprived of blood flow leading to tissue death;Abbreviated HA; also called myocardial infarction
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| hemorrhoids | vericose vein in the anal region;
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| hypertension | persistently high blood pressure
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| hypotension | chronic condition of low blood pressure
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| ischemia | an abnormally low flow of blood to tissues; (result of atherosclerotic plaque formation or blood clots)
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| myocardial infarction | myocardium is deprived of blood flow leading to tissue death;Abbreviated MI
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| myocarditis | inflammation of the myocardium, or muscle layer of the heart wall
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| pericarditis | inflammation of the pericardium
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| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein
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| polyarteritis | inflammation of an artery at numerous sites
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| thrombosis | the presence of a stationary blood clot within a blood vessel
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| varicosis | a condition of an abnormally dilated vein
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| ventricular septal defect | an opening in the septum that separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle, allowing blood to pass between them
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| aneurysmectomy | surgical excision of an aneurysm
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| angiogram | a recording obtained from an angiography proceure
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| angioplasty | surgical repair of a blood vessel
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| angioscopy | use of a flexible fiber optic instrument, or endoscope, to observe a diseased blood vessel
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| aortogram | a recording of an x-ray of the aorta
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| arteriogram | a recording of an x-ray of a particular artery
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| arteriotomy | an incision into an artery
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| atherectomy | surgical removal of a fatty plaque within a blood vessel using a specialized rotary knife and a catheter
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| ausculation | physical examination that consists of listening to internal sounds using a stethoscope
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| cardiac catheterization | procedure which involves inserting a flexible catheter into a brachial or femoral artery and threading it into the heart
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| cardiologist | one who specializes in treatment of patients with heart disease
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| cardiology | field of medicine that focuses on the treatment of patients with heart disease
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| cardiopulmonary resuscitation | emergency response proceure that includes artificial ventilation and external heart massage in effort to resuscitate patient; Abbreviated CPR
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| coronary angiogram | a recording of an x-ray of the hearts circulation
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| coronary artery bypass graft | surgical procedure which usually involves harvesting a vessel from another part of the body, attaching one end to the aorta and the other end just below the blockage. Abbreviated CABG
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| coronary stent | a metallic scaffold that is implanted in a coronary artery to prevent closure of the artery after angioplasty or atherectomy
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| defibrillation | electrical charge to the heart in an effort to defibrillate, or stop fibrillation, of the heart
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| doppler sonography | ultrasound procedure that evaluates blood flow through a blood vessel
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| echocardiography | ultrasound procedure in which sound waves are directed through the heart to evaluate heart anomalies;stress ECHO
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| electrocardiography | procedure in which the electrical events associated with the beating of the heart are evaluated and are represented by deflections of a pen on a graph known as an electrocardiogram;Abbreviated ECG or EKG
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| embolectomy | surgical removal of an embolus (floating clot)
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| endarterectomy | surgical removal of a fatty plaque or blood clot from the interior of an artery
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| hemmorrhoidectomy | surgical removal of hemorrhoids
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| pericardiostomy | surgical creation of an opening in the pericardial sac
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| phlebectomy | excision or puncture of a vein
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| phlebotomy | incision or puncture into a vein, usually to remove blood fro sampling or to donate blood
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| sphygmomanometry | procedure that measures arterial blood pressure
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| valvuloplasty | surgical repair of a heart valve;
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| venogram | recording of an x-ray of a vein
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