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| ABG | Arterial blood gases; blood test that assesses the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
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| Adenoids | Collection of lymphatic tissue within the nasopharynx (pharyngeal tonsils)
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| Alveoli | Tiny air sacs within the lungs; resembling small balloons. (alveolus - singular form) the smallest unit in the lungs gas exchange occurs
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| Anosmia | Absence of the sense of smell
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| Anoxia | Absence or deficiency of oxygen in the tissues
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| Antitussive | Medication which prevents or relieves coughing
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| Apnea | Without breathing
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| Asphyxia | A condition in which there is insufficient oxygen; literally means "without pulse"
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| Atelectasis | Inability of the lung to expand properly
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| Auscultation | The process of listening to body sounds, especially in the chest, with the use of a stethoscope
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| Bronchi | The 2 branches off the trachea which lead to the right left lungs (bronchus - singular form)
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| Bronchiectasis | Chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi
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| Bronchioles | Smaller branches of the bronchi. Secondary branches terminate
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| Bronchodilator | Medication which relaxes the muscles of the bronchial passage providing relief of bronchospasms. Drug used to expand bronchi and open breathing passages
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| Cheyne-Stokes Respirations | Breathing characterized by fluctuations in the depth of the respirations
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| C & S | Culture and sensitivity. A lab test that isolates the organisms for identification and then determines which antibiotics will be effective against it
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| CPR | Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
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| Compliance | The ease with which lung tissue can be stretched the ability of our lungs to expand and contract
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| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; includes certain lung disorders characterized by decreased ability of the lungs to exchange gases adequately (also known as COLD)
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| Cystic Fibrosis | A hereditary disease of the exocrine glands affecting the respiratory system, pancreas, and sweat glands and gastrointestinal system
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| Diaphragm | A large muscle located between the chest and the abdominal wall
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| Dysphonia | Difficult in speaking; hoarseness
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| Dyspnea | difficult breathing
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| Epistaxis | Nosebleed
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| Eupnea | Good (normal) breathing
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| Expectorant | Agent which facilitates the removal of sputum
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| Hemoptysis | Condition of spitting up blood
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| Hemothorax | Blood in the chest cavity
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| Histamines | Body substances that dilate blood vessels, causing swelling and inflammation in nasal passages
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| Hypercapnia | Condition of an increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
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| Hyperpnea | Increased breathing, deeper than normal
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| Hypoxemia | Deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
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| Laryngoscopy | Visual examination of the larynx
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| Larynx | Voice box. Responsible for sound production
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| Lobular | pertaining to a lobe
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| Mediastinum | The space between the right and left lung, which contains the heart, aorta, esophagus and the bronchi
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| Nares | Nostrils (naris - singular form)
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| Nasopharynx | The portion of the pharynx above the soft palate and behind the nose
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| Orthopnea | Respiratory condition of discomfort breathing in any but an erect or standing position
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| PA (&L) | Posteroanterior refers to the direction of x-ray beams that travel through the body from back to front (L refers to the lateral direction)
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| Palatine tonsils | Collection of lymphatic tissue within the oropharynx
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| Parietal pleura | The outermost layer, lining the thoracic cavity
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| Percussion | The process of gently tapping with the fingers to determine position, size, or consistency of an underlying structure
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| Pharyngoscope | Instrument used to view the throat
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| Pleura | Serous membrane which envelops the lungs and folds over to line the walls of the thoracic cavity
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| Pleural effusion | Excess of fluid in the pleural cavity
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| Pleurisy / Pleuritis | Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain which is intensified by coughing or deep breathing
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| Pneumothorax | Collection of air in the pleural cavity
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| Postural drainage | Positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the draingae of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lung
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| Pulmonary | Pertaining to the lungs
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| Pulmonary edema | Excessive fluid in the lungs which induces cough and dyspnea
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| Pulmonary function | A series of tests designed to evaluate the volume and air flow rate of the lungs
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| Rale | Crackle. An abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation
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| Repiratory Distress Syndrome | Condition frequently seen in premature infants caused by a lack of a lung substance, called surfactant
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| Respiratory System | Consists of organs that are responsible for the breathing process. It exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide at a cellular level
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| Rhinoplasty | Surgical repair of the nose
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| Sinusitis | Inflammation of a sinus
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| SOB | Shortness of breath
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| Sputum | An abnormal viscous fluid formed in the lower respiratory tract that often contains blood, pus, and bacteria
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| Stenosis | Narrowing or constriction
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| Stethoscope | An instrument used in auscultation
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| T & A | Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
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| Tachypnea | Rapid breathing
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| Thoracic | Pertaining to the chest area
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| Tonsillotome | An instrument used to cut the tonsils
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| TPR | Temperature, pulse, respiration
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| Trachea | Windpipe. Cartilaginous tube which extends from the larynx to the bronchial tubes
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| Tracheostomy | Creation of an opening in the trachea to relieve a breathing obstruction
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| Tuberculosis | An infectious desease caused byinhaling viaable tubercle bacilli
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| Visceral pleura | The innermost layer lying next to the lung
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| Croup | Acondition resulting from an acute obstruction of the larynx caused by allergen of infection and resulting in a barding cough
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| Phrenic Nerve | The nerve by way messages from the brain are carried to the diaphragm
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| Sweat Test | The test primarily used to confirm a diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis
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| Decompression Sickness | The diver's disease, "the bends", or caisson disease is the name given to a variety of symptons suffered by a person exposed to a decrease (nearly always after a big increase) in the pressure around the body. The body must adapt to the pressure following
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| Pertusssis | Severe coughing spells that end in a whooping sound when the person breathes in. Also called Whooping Cough
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| Epiglottis | Covers the trachea when swallowing preventing food and liquids from entering the lungs
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| Medulla | Medulla oblongata is the lower protion of the brain stem controlling autonomic functions such as breathing (respiratory) and blood pressure
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| Pyothorax | Pus in the pleural cavity
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| Hyperventilation | Increase in rate and depth of breathing
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| Tachypnea | Increase in the rate of breathing
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| Pharyngeal tonsils | Collection of lymphatic tissue within the nasopharynx
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| Hemoglobin | Molecule that transports oxygen
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| Cilia | Little hairs that act like tiny brooms to push foreign material (dirty mucus) out the lungs and into the throat (larynx)
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| Hyaline Membrane Disease | Acute respiratory disease syndrome found in newborns caused by surfactant deficiency or missing surfactant
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| Nasal Septum | Bone and cartilage that divides the nose into right and left halves
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| Surfactant | Wetting agents/lubricating fluid that reduce surface tenson in pulmonary alveoli by increasing pulmonary compliance and preventing lungs from collapsing on exhalation
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| Tidal Volume | The amount of air that is moved in and out during normal quiet breathing
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| Carboaminohemoglobin | Molecule of hemoglobin that has carbon dioxide attached to it. When HB is not transporting oxygen it is transporting carbon dioxide and therefore is referred to as a carboaminohemoglobin
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| Ferritin | Iron Storage Protein
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| Antihistamine | Medication which opposes the effects of histamine
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| Pneumoconiosis | Abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
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