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Ch. 6 Nervous System and Mental Health

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Term
Definition
aphasia   inability to speak  
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cepalalgia   a headache, or general pain to the head  
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dysphasia   difficulty speaking  
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hyperesthesia   increased sensitivity to stimulation, such as touch or pain  
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neuralgia   pain in nerve  
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neurasthenia   a vague condition of body fatigue often associated with depression  
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paresthesia   abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without an objective cause  
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Alzheimer's disease   deterioration of brain function characterized by confusion, short-term memory loss and restlessness; Abbreviated AD  
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis   progressive loss of muscle cause by hardening of nervous tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord; also known as Lou Gehrig's disease; abbreviated ALS  
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cerebellitis   inflammation of the cerebellum  
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cerebral aneurysm   a type of cerebral vascular disease where a blood vessel that supplies the brain becomes dilated due to a weakening of its wall  
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cerebral arteriosclerosis   a type of cerebral vascular disease characterized by hardening of the arteries that supply the brain  
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cerebral atherosclerosis   a type of cerebral vascular disease where a buildup of fatty plaque on the inside wall of a vessel that supplies the brain results in reduce blood flow  
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cerebral embolism   presence of an embolism (floating blood clot) in a blood vessel that supplies the brain  
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cerebral palsy   a disorder that affects muscle tone, movement and motor skills; usually caused by brain damage that occurs before or during a child's birth or during the first few years of the child life; abbreviated CP  
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cerebral thrombosis   thrombosis (lodged blood clot) within blood vessels that supply the brain  
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cerebrovascular accident   AKA; Stroke disruption of the blood supply to the brain resulting in functional losses or death abbreviated CVA  
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cerebrovascular disease   disorder resulting from a change within one or more blood vessels that supply the brain  
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coma   AKA; deep sleep describes several levels of decreased consciousness  
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concussion   injury to the brain caused by violent movement of the head; includes symptoms of vertigo and loss of consciousness  
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dementia   decline or impairment of mental function that is characterized by memory loss disorientation and confusion; literally means "not in the mind"  
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duritis   inflammation of the dura mater  
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encephalitis   inflammation of the brain, usually cause by bacterial or viral infection  
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encephalomalacia   softening of brain tissue,usually caused by deficient blood flow  
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epilepsy   a brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizures  
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gangliitis   inflammation of a ganlion  
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glioma   a tumor of neuroglial cells  
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hemiparesis   PARTIAL paralysis on one side of the body  
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hemiplegia   paralysis on one side of the body  
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hydrocephalus   increased volume of CSF in the brain ventricles of a child before the cranial sutures have been sealed, causing enlargement of the cranium  
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meningioma   benign tumor of the meninges,  
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meningitis   inflammation of the meninges, usually caused by bacterial or viral infection  
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meningocele   protrusion of the meninges through an opening caused by a defect in the skull or spinal column  
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meningomyelocele   protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord through the spinal column  
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monoparesis   partial paralysis of one limb  
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monoplegia   paralysis of one limb  
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multiple sclerosis   the deterioration of the myelin sheath withing the brain,exhibited by episodes of localized functional losses abbreviated MS  
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myelitis   inflammation of the spinal cord  
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narcolepsy   a sleep disorder characterized by sudden uncontrollable acts of sleep  
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neuritis   inflammation of a nerve  
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neuroarthropathy   a disease of the nervous system that results in pain within one or more joints  
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neuroma   any tumor that originates from nervous tissue  
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neurosis   an emotional disorder that involves a counterproductive way of dealing with stress  
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palsy   paralysis of localized areas  
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paraplegia   paralysis from the waist down  
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Parkinson's disease   chronic degenerative disease of the brain characterized by hand tremors, rigidity,expressionless face and shuffling gait abbreviated PD  
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poliomyelitis   inflammation of gray matter of the spinal cord caused by one of several polioviruses that often leads to paralysis; also called polio  
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polyneuritis   inflammation of many nerves at one time  
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psychopathy   any disease affecting the mind  
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psychosis   mental disorder characterized by a gross distortion of emotions and incapacity to recognize reality, relate to others, and cope with ordinary demands of daily life  
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psychosomatic   pertaining to both the mind and body  
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quadriplegia   paralysis of all four limbs also known as tetraplegia  
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radiculitis   inflammation of the spinal nerve roots  
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radiculopathy   a disease of spinal nerve roots  
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sciatica   inflammation of the sciatic nerve  
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seizure   sudden uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain resulting in convulsions  
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shingles   viral infection of the peripheral nerves that erupts as painful skin blisters along nerve tracts  
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syncope   fainting usually caused by a sudden loss of blood flow to the brain  
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transient ischemic attack   brief episode of loss of blood flow to the brain that results in a temporary neurologic impairment and often precedes a CVA  
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analgesic   an agent that relieves pain  
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anesthesia   a process of treatment that results in a absence of felling or sensation  
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cerebral angiography   x-ray photograph of the blood vessels in the brain following injection of contrast medium  
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computed tomography   also called CT scan or CAT scan this procedure  
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craniectomy   surgical excision of part of the skull to approach the brain  
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craniotomy   incision into the skull to approach the brain  
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echoencephalograpghy   use of ultrasonography or ultrasound to record brain structures abbreviated EchoEG  
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electroencephalography   a procedure that records the electrical impulses of the brain abbreviated EEG  
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ganglionectomy   surgical excision of a ganglion  
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lumbar puncture   aspiration of CSF from the subarachnoid space in the lumbar region of the spinal cord abbreviated LP  
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magnetic resonance imaging   use of magnets and computer imaging to identify structural details of soft tissues abbreviated MRI  
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myelogram   x-ray photograph of the spinal cord following injection of a contrast dye  
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neurectomy   surgical excision of a nerve  
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neurology   the study of nervous system  
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neurolysis   separating a nerve by removing adhesions  
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neuroplasty   surgical repair of a nerve  
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neurorrhaphy   suturing of a nerve  
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neurotomy   incision into a nerve  
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positron emission tomography   brain scan tht provides a map of metabolic function within the brain that can be correlated to brain activity abbreviated PET scan  
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psychiatry   branch of medicine that addresses mental, emotional and behavioral disorders  
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psychology   study of human behavior  
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radicotomy   incision into a nerve root  
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reflex testing   diagnostic tests performed to observe the body's response to various stimuli  
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