Skinner World War II Vocab List (1939-1945)
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| Allies | The victorious nations united against the Axis powers during World War II, led by the U.S., Great Britain, the U.S.S.R., and France
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| Anti-Semitism | Irrational hostility toward Jews, often characterized by discrimination, persecution, and violence
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| Aryan | The name the Nazis used to describe white, non-Jewish Germans, specifically Nordic peoples, with blond hair and blue eyes, who teh Naziz believed were superior to all other races
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| Axis Powers | The three countries- Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan- fighting teh allies during World War II
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| Neville Chamberlain | British Prime Minister who tried to avoid war with Germany
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| Concentration Camp | A place of imprisonment for political foes, members of minority groups, or prisoners of war, often characterized by harsh conditions, brutal guards, and torture
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| Fascism | A political philosophy characterized by dictatorship, extreme nationalism, and suppression of opposition, backed by an aggressive military
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| Final Solution | Nazi plan to murder every Jew in Europe. Its full name; "Final solution to the Jewish Question."
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| Fuhrer | The supreme leader of Nazi Germany, Adolf Hitler
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| Genocide | The systematic killing of a radical, ethnic, or religious group, or destruction of their culture
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| Gestapo | The terrorist, secret-police force of Nazi Germany, infamous for its brutal methods of torture, nighttime raids, and mass arrests without cause
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| Ghetto | Originally, a term referring to the area of European cities to which Jews were restricted and where they were required to live. Currently means an economically depressed area populated by a racial or ethnic minority group
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| Holocaust | The murder of approximately 6 million Jews by Nazi Germany and its allies between 1933 and 1945. Literally means "destruction by fire"
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| Kristallnacht | German term meaning "Crystal Night" or "Night of broken glass." Refers to events of November 9-10 1938, when thousands of Jewish shops and synagogues in Germany and Austria were destroyed and 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to labor camps
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| Nazi | Abbreviation for the National Socialist German Workers' Party, led by Hitler, that took power in Germany in 1933
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| Pogrom | The organized massacre of a Jewish community, carried out by local citizens usually with official consent
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| SS | Abbrev. of German word "protection squad" (schutzstaffel). Refers to private Nazi army given special duties in Holocaust, including running the concentration camps. Also called Black shirts, formed origin. as bodyguards for Hitler led by Heinrich Himmler
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| Swastika | An ancient mystical symbol composed of a cross with bent arms, adopted by the Nazis as their symbol
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| Third Reich | Hitler's name for Germany during his years as dictator, 1933-1945- literally the "third empire"
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| Weimar Republic | Germany's new democratic government, between WWI and the assumption of power by Adolf Hitler in 1933. The Weimar government was unpopular because of its acceptance of the harsh provisions of the Treaty of Versailles.
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| Benito Mussolini | An Italian general, politician and later dictator who abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties in Italy. He formed a fascist government in the 1920's, was known as "il Duce".
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| Adolf Hitler | German dictator of the Nazi party, dreamed of creatinga master Aryan race.
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| Mein Kampf | an autobiography Hitler wrote while in jail, means "My Struggle," blames Germany's problems on the communists, capitalists, and Jews.
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| Lebenstraum | "living space" Hitler referred to as making space for pure Aryans in Europe
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| appeasement | the making of concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid war.
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| Francisco Franco | A =spanish general and Fascist dictator led a revolt during the Spanish Civil War in the 1930's
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| Muncih Conference (Pact) | 1938, meeting of representatives from Britain (Chamberlain) and Germany (Hitler), under which Germany was allowed to extend it's territory into parts of Czechoslovakia (pure appeasement)
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| Nonaggression Pact | An agreement in which nations promise not to attack one another
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| Blitzkrieg | "Lightning War"; a form of warfare in which surprise attacks with fast-moving airplanes are followed by massive attacks with infantry forces, resulted in the swiftGermanconquest of France.
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| Charles de Gaulle | French general and political leader helped reconquer France from Nazi rule.
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| Winston Churchill | British Prime Minister shortly after WWII began, he symbolized the fierce resistance to the Germans.
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| Battle of Britain | Series of battles between German (Luftwaffe) and British air forces (RAF). The Germans sought to control the air, but was thwarted by British resistance.
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| Atlantic Charter | Declaration of principles which the Allied peace plan was based on at the end of WWII.
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| Battle of Midway | June 1942, a sea and air battle in which American forces defeated Japanese forces in the central Pacific.
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| Douglas MacArthur | Commander of the Allied forces in the Pacific
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| Battle of Guadal Canal | 1942-1943, Allied troops drove Japanese forces from the Pacific island of Guadal Canal.
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| Erwin Rommel | Head of Nazi forces in Northern Africa (Desert Fox), master of the Blitzkrieg
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| Dwight D. Eisenhower | U.S. general that became supreme commander of the Allied forces in Europe.
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| Battle of Stalingrad | 1942-1943, German forces were defeated in an attempt to capture the city of Stalingrad in the Soviet Union, major turning point of the war in favor of the Allies
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| D-Day | June 6, 1944, the code-name for the first day of a miitary attack, the British and American invasion of the German occupied France, (Normandy invasion)
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| Battle of the Bulge | 1944-1945, allied forces turned back the lst major german offensive of WWII
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| Kamikaze | Japanese suicide pilots that were trained to sink Allied ships by crashing bomb-filled planes into them.
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| Dunkirk | a town inNorthernFrance, was the last refuge of the British during the fall of France. (desperate retreat)
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| Joseph Goebbels | Nazi minister of propaganda
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| Hermann Goering | close friend to Hitler, leader of the Luftwaffe
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| Heinrich Himmler | Nazi in charge of the S.S.
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| Hirohito | Japanese emperor during WWII
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| Luftwaffe | German air force during WWII
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| Joseph Stalin | Soviet leader known for his extreme brutality, ruled USSR from the death of Lenin to early 1950's
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| Yalta Agreement | agreement reached near the end of WWII between FDR, Churchill, and Stalin after the defeat of Germany
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