HaneyGenPathREV02
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| What is a genotype? | Genes you inherited from your parents, not physical appearance
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| what is a phenotype? | revealed in your appearance
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| what is amniocenteses? | surgical puncture of the amniotic sac
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| what is an arthrogram? | visualization of a joint
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| what is an audiogram? | a record made of the threshold of hearing
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| what is a bronchoscopy? | visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi
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| A hiatial hernia is.. | the protrusion of some portion of the stomach into the thoracic cavity.
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| the most common type of hiatal hernia is the.. | sliding hernia
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| cirrhosis is | a degenerative deisease of the liver
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| define differentiation | the process cells take functions and forms different from the forms of the cells they originated from
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| What is pneumonia? | an acute inflammation of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli of the lung.
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| what is aspiration pneumonia? | irritation from large quantities of foreign matter.
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| what are some signs and symptoms of pneumonia? | coughing, sputum productions, pleuritic chest pain, shaking chills, fever, rales, dyspnea, cyanosis, and generalized weakness
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| what is a closed fracture? | no external wound.
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| what is an open or compound fracture? | accompanied by an open wound
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| what is a greenstick fracture? | the bone is partially bent or split
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| what is a comminuted fracture? | the bone is splintered.
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| what is an impacted fracture? | one end is forced into another bone.
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| an incomplete fracture is also known as what? | stress fracture
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| biotherapy is also known as what? | immunotherapy
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| what is used in biotherapy? | a combination of chemotherapy and radiation
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| define acute. | rapid onset, severe symptoms, short course
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| infective tubulointerstitial nephritis is also called.. | pyelonephritis
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| what is pyelonephritis? | inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis due to infection
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| what is diabetes insipidus? | decreased vasopressin (vasopressin helps regulate the amount of fluid the kidneys release as urine)
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| what is the most common symptom of diabetes insipidus? | polyuria
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| what is diabetes mellitus? | chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism resulting from insufficient production of insulin
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| what is insulin produced by? | beta cells called islets of Langerhans
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| immune-mediated diabetes type 1 usually appears before what age? | it normally has an abrupt onset usually before age 30
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| type 2 diabetes is also called | non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
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| gestational diabetes mellitus is | a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy but most often resolves after delivery.
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| what does gestational diabetes mellitus do to the mother? | puts the women at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
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| what is a monogenic (mendelian) disorder? | caused by a mutation in a single gene.
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| what are some autosomal recessive disorders? | cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, Cretinism, Phenylketonuria, Sickle cell anemia
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| What are some autosomal Dominant disorders? | diabetes insipidus, retinoblastoma
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| What are some sex linked disorders? | hemophilia, Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy
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| What are Chromosomal Disorders caused by? | an abnormality in the number of chromosomes or by changes in chromosomal structure
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| Name some diseases caused by chromosomal alterations. | Klinefelter's syndrome, Turner's syndrome, Trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome)
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| what is another category of hereditary diseases that is made up of disorders with many factors? | multifactorial disorders
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| What is cystic fibrosis? | a congenital disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by the production of copious amounts of abnormally thick mucus
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| what are some common signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis? | increases concentrations of salt in sweat, wheeze respirations, dry cough, dysnpnea, tachypnea, intestinal obstruction, vomiting, constipation, electrolyte imbalance, inability to absorb fats
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| what is the prognosis of cystic fibrosis? | poor, the average life expectancy is 28 years of age.
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| Hemophilia is caused by what? | deficiency of specific types of serum proteins called 'clotting factors'. it is a bleeding disorder
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| Name a few Environmental hazards. | air, noise, insects, exposure to venoms, pesticides, pollutant
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| What is glomerulonephritis? | allergic inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidney's nephrons
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| what causes glomerulonephritis? | circulating antigen-antibody complexes that become trapped within the network of capillaries of a glomerulus.
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| what is a wheal? | generally round, transient elevation of the skin which is white in the center, with pale red edges, often accompanied by itching.
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| Alzheimer's disease is.. | a type of chronic organic brain syndrome characterized by the neath of neurons in the cerebral cortex and their replacement by microscopic 'plaques'
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| what is a benign tumor? | one that grows slowly and whose cells closely resemble normal cells of the tissue it originated from
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| what is a malignant tumor? | invasive, grows rapidly, anaplastic, and has the capability of metastasizing through the blood or lymph
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| define chorea. | nervous condition marked by involuntary muscular twitching of the limbs or facial muscles
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| define encapsulated. | enclosure in a layer of tissue not normal to the part
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| what is another term for cryptochidism? | undescended testes
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| what is a migraine headache? | recurrent, frequently incapacitating type of headache characterized by intense, throbbing pain
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| define anaphylaxis. | an allergic reaction of the body to a foreign or other substance
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| define incontinence. | the inability to control the passage of urine, semen, or feces due to one or more physiological or psychological conditions.
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| What is cushing's syndrome? | hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands.
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| what are some symptoms of cushing's syndrome? | moon-shaped face, acne, head and trunk grossly exaggerated, thin arms and legs, impaired glucose tolerance, muscle weakness, stretch marks, buffalo hump, peptic ulcer, emotional changes, hypertension, increases susceptibility to infection
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| for a person to be labeled as 'obese' their body weight has to be __-__ % above the ideal. | 10-20%
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| what is a carcinoma? | solid tumors of epithelial tissue of external and internal body surfaces.
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| what is a sarcoma? | arise from supportive and connective tissue such as bone, fat, muscle, and cartliage.
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| Neoplasms of blood and lymph include.. | leukemias, hodgkin's disease, and non-hodgkin's lymphoma
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| leukemias are different than the other groups because they do not | form solid tumors.
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| what is an adenocarcinoma? | malignant tumor of a gland
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| acute bacterial meningitis is.. | inflammation of the three-layer membrane called the meninges that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.
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| what are common signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis? | sudden onset of severe headache, vomiting, seizures, nuchal rigity, dowsiness, stupor, or even coma
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| what is a gastric ulcer? | lesion in the musocal lining of the stomach.
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| what is diphtheria? | acute, life-threatening infectious disease.
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| what is diphtheria characterized by? | membranelike coating that forms over mucous membrane surfaces.
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| Diphtheria is caused by which bacterium? | Cornebacteriumdiphtheriae
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| what is hyperopia? | light entering the eye comes into focus behind the retina. farsightedness
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| what is presbyopia? | loss of elasiticity in the crystalline lens of the eye. farsightedness
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| what is myopia? | light entering the eye comes into focus in front of the retina. nearsightedness
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| what is an astigmatism? | light entering the eye is focused unevenly or diffusely across the retina so some is focused and some is not.
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| what is mumps? | acute, contagious disease characterized by fever and inflammation of the parotid salivary glands.
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| the incubation period of mumps is __ days. | 18
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| define urticaria. | vascualr reaction of the skin characterized by temporary eruption of wheals/hives
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| what is an accumulation of fluid within the structure of the middle ear? | otitis media
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| What is a fluorescein stain? | a dye used to reveal corneal lesions and to test circulation in the retinals and extremities.
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| What is a fluoroscopy? | examination of deep structures using x-rays.
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| what is a gastroscopy? | inspection of the stomach interior using a gastroscope.
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| What is a hematocrit used to measure? | the percentage of packed red cells in a whole blood sample obtained by finger stick.
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| What tests hydroxyproline? | a 24-hour urine catch or a blood sample.
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| Define bile. | a thick alkaline fluid produced by the liver.
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| what is apnea? | temporary cessation in breathing.
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| what is ascites? | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
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| what is cellulits? | an inflammation of cellular or connective tissue.
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| define coma. | a state of profound unconsciousness
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| what is a newarly lyquid mixture composes of partially digested food and gastric secretions? | chyme
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| what is karatin? | hard, fibrous protein that is the primary constituent of hair and nails.
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| what is heterozygous? | possessing different genes from each parent for a particual trait.
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| define gene. | one of the units of heredity, located at a definite position on a particular chromosome.
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| what is hypoxia? | insufficient oxygenation of the blood or tissue.
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| what is the menarche? | the initial menstrual cycle.
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| what is lysis? | destruction of red blood cells, bacteria, and other stuctures by a specific lysin.
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| warts are caused by which virus? | human papilloma virus
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| the formation of numerous small growths or masses on a muscous membrane is called what? | polyposis
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| what is pyuria? | puss in the urine
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| what is rhinitis? | inflammation of the nasal mucous membranes.
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| what is plasma? | liquid part of the lymph and the blood.
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| what is a synapse? | narrow gap between two neurons in a neural pathway.
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