Vocabulary – Blood System
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| Albumin: | Protein and blood; maintains the proper amount of water in the blood.
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| Antibody (AB): | Specific protein (immunoglobulin) produced by lymphocytes in response to bacteria, viruses or other antigens. Antibody Pacific to an antigen and inactivates it.
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| Basophil: | White blood cell containing granules that stain blue ; associated with the release of histamine and heparin
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| Bilirubin: | Orange- yellow pigment in bile; or by the breakdown of hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed.
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| Coagulation: | Blood clotting.
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| Colony – stimulating factor (CFS): | Protein that stimulates growth of white blood cells (granulocytes).
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| Differentiation: | Change in structure and function of the cell as it matures: specialization.
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| Electrophoresis: | Method of separating serum protein by electrical charge.
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| Eosinophil | White blood cell containing granules that stain red; associated with allergic reactions.
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| Erythroblast: | Immature red blood cell.
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| Erythrocyte: | Red blood cell. There are about 5 million per microliter (u L) or cubic millimeter (mm3) of blood.
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| Erythropoietin (EP0): | Hormone secreted by the kidneys; stimulates red blood cell formation.
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| Fibrin: | Protein that form the basis of a blood clot.
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| Fibrinogen: | Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process.
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| Globulin: | Plasma protein; alpha, beta, and gamma (immune) globulins are examples.
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| Granulocyte: | White blood cell with numerous dark – staining granules: eosinophil, neutrophil, and basophil.
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| Hematopoietic stem cell: | Cell in the bone marrow that gives rise to all types of blood cells.
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| Hemoglobin: | Blood protein containing iron; carry oxygen in red blood cells.
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| Hemolysis: | Destruction or breakdown of blood (red blood cells) if blood types are not compatible during transfusion.
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| Heparin: | Anticoagulant found in blood and tissue cells.
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| Immune reaction: | Response of the immune system to foreign invasion.
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| Immunoglobulin: | Protein (globulin) with antibody activity; examples are IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE, IgD. Immun/o means protection.
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| Leukocyte: | White blood cell.
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| Lymphocyte: | Mononuclear leukocyte that produces antibodies.
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| Macrophage: | Monocyte that migrates from the blood state. As a phagocyte, it engulfs material and debris. In the liver, spleen and bone marrow, macrophages destroy worn-out red blood cells.
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| Megakaryocyte: | Large platelet precursor cell found in bone marrow.
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| Monocyte: | Leukocyte with one large nucleus. It is felt that engulfs or in material and debris. Monocytes become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissue.
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| Mononuclear: | Pertaining to a cell (leukocyte) with a single round nucleus; lymphocytes and monocytes are mononuclear leukocytes.
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| Myoblast: | Immature bone marrow that gives rise to granulocytes.
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| Neutrophil: | Granulocytic leukocyte born in bone marrow. It is a phagocytic tissue fighting itself. Also called a Polymorphonuclear leukocyte.
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| Plasma: | Liquid portion of blood; contains water, proteins, salts, nutrients, lipids, hormones, and vitamins.
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| Plasmapheresis: | Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge. Collected cells are re-transfused back into the donor. Fresh frozen plasma or salt solution is used to replace withdrawn plasma.
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| Platelet: | Small blood fragment that collects at site of injury to begin the clotting process
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| Polymorphonuclear: | Pertaining to white blood cell with multi-loaded; neutrophil.
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| Prothrombin: | Plasma protein; converted to thrombin in the clotting process.
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| Reticulocyte | Immature erythrocyte. A network of strands (reticulin) is seen after staining the cells special dye.
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| Rh factor: | Antigen on red blood cells of our Rh – positive (Rh*) individuals. The factor was first identified in the blood of a rhesus monkey.
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| Serum | Plasma minus clotting proteins and cell. Clear, yellowish fluid that separates from blood when it is allowed to clot. It is born from plasma, but does not contain protein – coagulation factors.
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| Stem cell: | Unspecified cell that gives rise to mature, specialized forms. A hematopoietic stem cell is the progenitor for all different types of blood cells.
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| Thrombin: | Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to the fibrin and during coagulation
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| Thrombocyte | Platelet.
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