ch 6 skeletal system
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| human skeleton consists of how many bones? | 206
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| doctor who specializes is diseases and disorders of the bones and muscles | orthopedist
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| main shaft like portion of the long bone | diaphysis
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| located at the end of a long bone | epiphysis
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| layer of cartilage that allows bone to grow length wise | epiphyseal line
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| fibrous membrane that covers the long bone | periosteum
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| covers joint surfaces | articular cartilage
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| contain yellow marrow | medullary cavity
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| also called cancellous bone | spongy bone
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| site for blood cell production | red bone marrow
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| stores fat | yellow bone marrow
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| actively produce bone tissue | osteoblasts
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| digest bone tissue to make them hollow | osteoclasts
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| mature bone cells | osteocytes
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| process of bone formation | ossification
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| groove or depression in a bone | sulcus; fissure
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| opening or hollow space in a bone | sinus
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| hollow or shallow concave depression in a bone | fossa
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| hole within a bone for blood vessels or nerves to pass through | foramen
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| bony skull | cranium
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| frontal bone that forms the forehead | frontal bone
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| behind the frontal bone, 2 bones that form the top and upper sides of the cranium | parietal bones
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| forms the back of the head and base of the skull | occipital bone
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| two bones that form the lower sides and part of the base of the skull | temporal bones
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| the space between the bones in an infants skull that is covered by a tough membrane | fontanelle
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| lower jaw bone | mandibular
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| upper jaw bone | maxillary
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| cheek bones | zygomatic
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| bones of the neck | cervical vertebrae; C1-C7
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| back bones of the chest | thoracic vertebrae; T1-T12
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| bones of the lower back | lumbar vertebrae; L1-L5
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| fourth section of the vertebrae, composed of 5 fused bones | sacrum
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| fifth segment of the vertebrae, composed of 4 fused bones | coccyx; tailbone
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| also known as the breastbone | sternum
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| collarbone | clavicle
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| first seven ribs are known as | true ribs
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| ribs 8-10 are known as | false ribs
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| ribs 11 and 12 are known as | floating ribs
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| shoulder blade | scapula
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| bone of the upper arm | humerous
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| lower arm bone that is located on the thumb side | radius
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| lower arm bone that is located on the pinky side | ulna
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| bones of the wrist | carpals
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| bones of the hand | metacarpals
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| bones of the fingers | phalanges
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| largest of the hip bones | ilium
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| upper curved edge of the ilium | iliac crest
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| lowest part of the hip bones | ischium
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| anterior part of the hip bones | pubis
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| longest, heaviest and strongest bone in the body, thigh bone | femur
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| knee cap | patella
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| larger and stronger of the two lower leg bones; shin bone | tibia
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| more slender of the lower leg bones | fibula
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| bones of the ankle | tarsals
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| bones of the foot | metatarsals
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| bones of the toes | phalanges
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| bones that are fragile due to loss of bone density | osteoporosis
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| bacterial infection in the bone and bone marrow | osteomylitis
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| narrowing of the vertebral canal resulting in pressure on nerve roots | spinal stenosis
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| abnormal outward curvature of the upper spine | kyphosis
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| abnormal inward curvature of the spine | lordosis
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| abnormal lateral curvature of the spine | scoliosis
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| break in the bone but no open wound in the skin | closed or simple fracture
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| break in the bone with an open wound where the bone is protruding | open or compound fracture
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| incomplete fracture | greenstick fracture
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| bones surfaces that break due to being forced against each other | compression fracture
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| minor fracture in the bone | hairline or stress fracture
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| aligning the broken bone through manipulation without making an incision in the skin | closed reduction
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| realigning broken bones during surgery, usually requiring pins, screws, or plates | open reduction
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| injection of a radioisotope that is absorbed by bone tissue; used to diagnosis bone cancer | bone scan
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| obtaining a sample of bone marrow to aid in the diagnosis of leukemia | bone marrow aspiration
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