whole body terminology
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| smallest and most numerous structural unit | cells
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| study of cells | cytology
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| surrounds and protects the cell | cell membrane
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| control center of the cell | nucleous
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| material outside the nucleous | cytoplasm
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| prime source of energy for the cell | mitochondria
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| groups of cells form | tissues
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| groups of tissues form | organs
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| groups of organs form | systems
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| four types of tissue found in the body | epithial;connective;muscle;nervous
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| study of tissues | hystology
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| covers internal and external organs | epithealial tissue ; intestines
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| supports and connects tissues, organs and other body parts | connective tissue; cartilage
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| flex and contracts, includes smooth, skeletal and cardiac | muscle tissue
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| relays information throughout the body | nervous tissue
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| 12 body systems | muscular; endocrine; lymphatic; integumentary;nervous; skeletal; cardiac; reproductive; urinary; digestive; special senses
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| body erect, eyes forward and palms facing outward is referred to as | anatomical position
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| vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions | frontal/coronal plane
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| horizontal cross section dividing the body into superior and inferior portions | transverse/horizontal plane
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| vertical pland that divides the body into left and right portions | midsaggital plane
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| cavity that contains lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus and trachea | thoracic cavity
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| cavity that contains liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines and kidneys | abdominal cavity
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| cavity that contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs | pelvic cavity
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| cavity that contains the brain | cranial cavity
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| cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord | spinal cavity
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| the abdomen in divided into these | RUQ;LUQ;RLQ;LLQ
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| vertebrae of the neck | cervical; C1-C7
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| vertebrae of the chest | thoracic; T1-T12
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| vertebrae of the lower back | lumbar; L1-L5
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| five bones fused together, found after the lumbar region | sacral
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| 4 bones fused together, also known as the tailbone | coccyx
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| toward the front of the body | anterior
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| the back of the body | posterior
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| towards the head | superior
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| towards the feet | inferior
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| midline of the body | medial
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| away from the midline of the body, on the side | lateral
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| close to the origin of the body part or near the point of attachment | proximal
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| farther from the origin of the body or away from the point of attachment | distal
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| pertaining to palm of the hand | palmar
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| pertaining to the sole of the foot | plantar
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| moving away from midline | abduction
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| moving toward midline | adduction
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| pertaining to the outer wall of the body | parietal
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| pertaining to the internal organs or viscera | visceral
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| turning a body part inward | inversion
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| turning a body part outward | eversion
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| lying flat on the back, legs straight, arms at side | supine
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| lying face down on the abdomen, legs straight, arms at side | prone
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| region of the abdomen located between the hypochondriac region in the upper section of the abdomen | epigastric region
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| region of the abdomen located in the center between the lumbar regions | umbilical region
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| region of the abdomen located in the lower portion of the abdomen between the inguinal regions | hypogastric region
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| towards the tail | caudal
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| pertaining to the head | cranial
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| palms of the hands turned inward or upwards | supination
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| palms of the hands turned downwards or inwards | pronation
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| found within the nucleus; controls the functions of the body | chromosomes
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| chromosomes are also known as | DNA
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| regions of the chromosomes responsible for hereidatary characteristics | genes
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| enzymes produced by this organelle destroy bacteria by digesting them | lysosomes
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| this organelle synthesizing protien | ribsomes
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| failure in development resulting in the absence of an organ | aplasia
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| any abnormal development of cells, tissues, or organs | dysplasia
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| increase cells of a body part; excessive formation | hyperplasia
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| incomplete development of an organ or tissue; decrease in cells | hypoplasia
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| new and abnormal development of cells; may be benign or malignant | neoplasia
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| number of abdominal regions | nine
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| region 1 | right hypochondriac
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| region 2 | epigastric
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| region 3 | left hypochondriac
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| region 4 | right lumbar
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| region 5 | umbilical
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| region 6 | left lumbar
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| region 7 | right inguinal/iliac
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| region 8 | hypogastric
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| region 9 | left inguinal/iliac
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| towards the surface of the body | superficial
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| towards the inside of the body | deep
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