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ch 4
whole body terminology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
smallest and most numerous structural unit | cells |
study of cells | cytology |
surrounds and protects the cell | cell membrane |
control center of the cell | nucleous |
material outside the nucleous | cytoplasm |
prime source of energy for the cell | mitochondria |
groups of cells form | tissues |
groups of tissues form | organs |
groups of organs form | systems |
four types of tissue found in the body | epithial;connective;muscle;nervous |
study of tissues | hystology |
covers internal and external organs | epithealial tissue ; intestines |
supports and connects tissues, organs and other body parts | connective tissue; cartilage |
flex and contracts, includes smooth, skeletal and cardiac | muscle tissue |
relays information throughout the body | nervous tissue |
12 body systems | muscular; endocrine; lymphatic; integumentary;nervous; skeletal; cardiac; reproductive; urinary; digestive; special senses |
body erect, eyes forward and palms facing outward is referred to as | anatomical position |
vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions | frontal/coronal plane |
horizontal cross section dividing the body into superior and inferior portions | transverse/horizontal plane |
vertical pland that divides the body into left and right portions | midsaggital plane |
cavity that contains lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus and trachea | thoracic cavity |
cavity that contains liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines and kidneys | abdominal cavity |
cavity that contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs | pelvic cavity |
cavity that contains the brain | cranial cavity |
cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord | spinal cavity |
the abdomen in divided into these | RUQ;LUQ;RLQ;LLQ |
vertebrae of the neck | cervical; C1-C7 |
vertebrae of the chest | thoracic; T1-T12 |
vertebrae of the lower back | lumbar; L1-L5 |
five bones fused together, found after the lumbar region | sacral |
4 bones fused together, also known as the tailbone | coccyx |
toward the front of the body | anterior |
the back of the body | posterior |
towards the head | superior |
towards the feet | inferior |
midline of the body | medial |
away from the midline of the body, on the side | lateral |
close to the origin of the body part or near the point of attachment | proximal |
farther from the origin of the body or away from the point of attachment | distal |
pertaining to palm of the hand | palmar |
pertaining to the sole of the foot | plantar |
moving away from midline | abduction |
moving toward midline | adduction |
pertaining to the outer wall of the body | parietal |
pertaining to the internal organs or viscera | visceral |
turning a body part inward | inversion |
turning a body part outward | eversion |
lying flat on the back, legs straight, arms at side | supine |
lying face down on the abdomen, legs straight, arms at side | prone |
region of the abdomen located between the hypochondriac region in the upper section of the abdomen | epigastric region |
region of the abdomen located in the center between the lumbar regions | umbilical region |
region of the abdomen located in the lower portion of the abdomen between the inguinal regions | hypogastric region |
towards the tail | caudal |
pertaining to the head | cranial |
palms of the hands turned inward or upwards | supination |
palms of the hands turned downwards or inwards | pronation |
found within the nucleus; controls the functions of the body | chromosomes |
chromosomes are also known as | DNA |
regions of the chromosomes responsible for hereidatary characteristics | genes |
enzymes produced by this organelle destroy bacteria by digesting them | lysosomes |
this organelle synthesizing protien | ribsomes |
failure in development resulting in the absence of an organ | aplasia |
any abnormal development of cells, tissues, or organs | dysplasia |
increase cells of a body part; excessive formation | hyperplasia |
incomplete development of an organ or tissue; decrease in cells | hypoplasia |
new and abnormal development of cells; may be benign or malignant | neoplasia |
number of abdominal regions | nine |
region 1 | right hypochondriac |
region 2 | epigastric |
region 3 | left hypochondriac |
region 4 | right lumbar |
region 5 | umbilical |
region 6 | left lumbar |
region 7 | right inguinal/iliac |
region 8 | hypogastric |
region 9 | left inguinal/iliac |
towards the surface of the body | superficial |
towards the inside of the body | deep |