Anatomy II, EXCI 254
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| What is the shared pathway with the digestive system? | pharynx
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| components of respiratory system | Nose / pharynx / larynx / trachea / Bronchi / Lungs
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| To bring air from outside to the lungs, for the lungs to outside environment | Ventilation
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| Exchange of gases between, air, blood and cells | Respiration (external/internal)
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| Exchange of air from alveoli to pulmonary capillaries | External respiration (+ O2 in blood)
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| Exchange of gases from systemic capillaries to tissue cells | Internal respiration (+CO2 in blood)
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| components of conducting portion | nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
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| Function of conducting portion | warm, clean and moisten air
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| Components of respiratory portion | respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs, alveoli
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| bones of nose | frontal, nasal, ethmoid, vomer, maxilla
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| nasal cartilages | septal, nasal, alar
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| Between choanae and nose | eustachian tube
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| where are olfactory receptors? | membrane lining of superior nasal concha
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| limits of pharynx | internal nares, cricoid cartilage
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| 3 regions of pharynx | nasopharynx / oropharynx / laryngopĥarynx
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| muscular layers of pharynx | outer circular layer / inner longitudinal layer
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| Where are tonsils located? | Pharynx
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| openings of posterior nasal cavity | 2 internal nares / 2 openings from Eustachian tube / entrance to oropharynx
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| limits of oropharynx | soft palate to hyoid bone
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| Between fauces | Uvula
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| Swallowing mechanism | uvula moves superiorly
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| Contains 2 pairs of tonsils | palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils
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| limits of laryngopharynx | hyoid bone to cricoid cartilage
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| Composition of epiglottis | epithelial tissue covered in cartilage
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| Voice box | Larynx
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| location of larynx | anterior to C4-C6
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| cartilages of larynx | Thyroid / Cricoid / Epiglottis / Arythenoid / Corniculate / Cuneiform
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| Vocal folds | True vocal cords
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| Ventricular folds | False vocal cords
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| Space between ventricular folds | Vestibule
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| Inferior to larynx | Trachea
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| anterior to esophagus | Trachea
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| Location of trachea | from larynx to T5
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| Layers of trachea | Mucosa / Submucosa / Hyaline cartilage / Adventitia
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| level of Carina | T5
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| Secondary bronchi are made of | Lobar bronchi
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| # of lobar bronchi of right lung | 3
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| # of lobar bronchi of left lung | 2
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| Tertiary bronchi made of | Segmental bronchi
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| Composition of tertiary bronchi | no cartilage, smooth muscle
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| Components of respiratory unit | Terminal bronchiole
Respiratory Bronchiole
Alveolar Duct
Alveoli
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| location of parietal pleura | T10
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| encloses lungs | Double serous layered pleural membrane
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| folding of parietal/visceral layer | pulmonary ligament
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| structures in root of lung | bronchi, nerves, lymph, pulmonary vessels
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| limits of pleural cavity | 6th costal cartilage to 12th rib
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| space that extends vertically | costodiaphragmatic space
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| space that extends horizontally | costomediastinal space
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| layers of lungs | serous coat / subserous coat / parenchyma
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| components of a lobule | alveolar duct, alveoli, vessels, lymph, nerves
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| divides superior and middle lobe | horizontal fissure of right lung
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| component of pulmonar lobe | secondary bronchus
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| component of secondary bronchus | 10 tertiary bronchi
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| component of bronchopulmonary segment | lobule
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| surface area of alveoli | 70 m2
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| main site of gas exchange | Type I cells
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| secrete alveolar fluid | Type II cells
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| supply pulmonary circulation | Bronchial arteries
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| Bronchial arteries branch from | Thoracic aorta
Intercostal arteries
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| Azygos vein divides into | right bronchial vein
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| Accessory hemiazygos vein divides into | left bronchial vein
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| Muscles of inspiration | Diaphragm
External intercostals
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| Insertion of diaphragm | central tendon
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| Innervation of diaphragm | Phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
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| Accessory muscles of inspiration | sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
Pectoralis minor
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| muscles of forced expiration | Abdominal muscles
Internal intercostals
Innermost Intercostals
Subcostals
Transversus Thoracis
obliques
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| inflammation of mucous membranes | common cold
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| allergic reaction to pollen or dust | Hay fever
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| allergic reaction plugs up bronchioles | Asthma
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| chronic inflammation of bronchial tree from bacterial infection | Bronchitis
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| Bacilli infection that destroys lung tissue | Tuberculosis
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| progressive decrease in ability to exchange gas | Emphysema
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| Virus, secretes fibrinous exudate | Pneumonia
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| Infection of pleura | Pleurisy
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| conducting airways of lower respiratory tract | larynx, trachea, bronchi
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| innervated by ANS | bronchial tree
lungs
trachea
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| form roof of nasal cavity | nasal bone
cribriform plate
frontal bone
sphenoid bone
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| form nasal cavity floor | horizontal plate of palatine bone
palatine process of maxillae
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| bronchopulmonary segment = | segmental bronchus + pulmonary a. and v.
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Created by:
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