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Respiratory system
Anatomy II, EXCI 254
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the shared pathway with the digestive system? | pharynx |
| components of respiratory system | Nose / pharynx / larynx / trachea / Bronchi / Lungs |
| To bring air from outside to the lungs, for the lungs to outside environment | Ventilation |
| Exchange of gases between, air, blood and cells | Respiration (external/internal) |
| Exchange of air from alveoli to pulmonary capillaries | External respiration (+ O2 in blood) |
| Exchange of gases from systemic capillaries to tissue cells | Internal respiration (+CO2 in blood) |
| components of conducting portion | nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles |
| Function of conducting portion | warm, clean and moisten air |
| Components of respiratory portion | respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs, alveoli |
| bones of nose | frontal, nasal, ethmoid, vomer, maxilla |
| nasal cartilages | septal, nasal, alar |
| Between choanae and nose | eustachian tube |
| where are olfactory receptors? | membrane lining of superior nasal concha |
| limits of pharynx | internal nares, cricoid cartilage |
| 3 regions of pharynx | nasopharynx / oropharynx / laryngopĥarynx |
| muscular layers of pharynx | outer circular layer / inner longitudinal layer |
| Where are tonsils located? | Pharynx |
| openings of posterior nasal cavity | 2 internal nares / 2 openings from Eustachian tube / entrance to oropharynx |
| limits of oropharynx | soft palate to hyoid bone |
| Between fauces | Uvula |
| Swallowing mechanism | uvula moves superiorly |
| Contains 2 pairs of tonsils | palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils |
| limits of laryngopharynx | hyoid bone to cricoid cartilage |
| Composition of epiglottis | epithelial tissue covered in cartilage |
| Voice box | Larynx |
| location of larynx | anterior to C4-C6 |
| cartilages of larynx | Thyroid / Cricoid / Epiglottis / Arythenoid / Corniculate / Cuneiform |
| Vocal folds | True vocal cords |
| Ventricular folds | False vocal cords |
| Space between ventricular folds | Vestibule |
| Inferior to larynx | Trachea |
| anterior to esophagus | Trachea |
| Location of trachea | from larynx to T5 |
| Layers of trachea | Mucosa / Submucosa / Hyaline cartilage / Adventitia |
| level of Carina | T5 |
| Secondary bronchi are made of | Lobar bronchi |
| # of lobar bronchi of right lung | 3 |
| # of lobar bronchi of left lung | 2 |
| Tertiary bronchi made of | Segmental bronchi |
| Composition of tertiary bronchi | no cartilage, smooth muscle |
| Components of respiratory unit | Terminal bronchiole Respiratory Bronchiole Alveolar Duct Alveoli |
| location of parietal pleura | T10 |
| encloses lungs | Double serous layered pleural membrane |
| folding of parietal/visceral layer | pulmonary ligament |
| structures in root of lung | bronchi, nerves, lymph, pulmonary vessels |
| limits of pleural cavity | 6th costal cartilage to 12th rib |
| space that extends vertically | costodiaphragmatic space |
| space that extends horizontally | costomediastinal space |
| layers of lungs | serous coat / subserous coat / parenchyma |
| components of a lobule | alveolar duct, alveoli, vessels, lymph, nerves |
| divides superior and middle lobe | horizontal fissure of right lung |
| component of pulmonar lobe | secondary bronchus |
| component of secondary bronchus | 10 tertiary bronchi |
| component of bronchopulmonary segment | lobule |
| surface area of alveoli | 70 m2 |
| main site of gas exchange | Type I cells |
| secrete alveolar fluid | Type II cells |
| supply pulmonary circulation | Bronchial arteries |
| Bronchial arteries branch from | Thoracic aorta Intercostal arteries |
| Azygos vein divides into | right bronchial vein |
| Accessory hemiazygos vein divides into | left bronchial vein |
| Muscles of inspiration | Diaphragm External intercostals |
| Insertion of diaphragm | central tendon |
| Innervation of diaphragm | Phrenic nerve (C3-C5) |
| Accessory muscles of inspiration | sternocleidomastoid Scalenes Pectoralis minor |
| muscles of forced expiration | Abdominal muscles Internal intercostals Innermost Intercostals Subcostals Transversus Thoracis obliques |
| inflammation of mucous membranes | common cold |
| allergic reaction to pollen or dust | Hay fever |
| allergic reaction plugs up bronchioles | Asthma |
| chronic inflammation of bronchial tree from bacterial infection | Bronchitis |
| Bacilli infection that destroys lung tissue | Tuberculosis |
| progressive decrease in ability to exchange gas | Emphysema |
| Virus, secretes fibrinous exudate | Pneumonia |
| Infection of pleura | Pleurisy |
| conducting airways of lower respiratory tract | larynx, trachea, bronchi |
| innervated by ANS | bronchial tree lungs trachea |
| form roof of nasal cavity | nasal bone cribriform plate frontal bone sphenoid bone |
| form nasal cavity floor | horizontal plate of palatine bone palatine process of maxillae |
| bronchopulmonary segment = | segmental bronchus + pulmonary a. and v. |
Created by:
Schnee
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