muscular system
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| 3 Connective tissue components | Endomysin, Perimysium, Epimysium
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| specialized skeletal muscle cells/fibers covered by a delicate connective tissue membrane called | Endomysin
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| fascicles are bound together by a tough connective tissue envelope called | Perimysium
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| The muscle as a whole are covered by a coarse sheath called | Epimysium
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| a strong tough cord continuous at its other end with the fibrous periosteum covering a bone | tendon
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| fibrous wrapping of a muscle may extend as a broad, flat sheet of connective tissue which usually merges with the fibrous wrappings of another muscle | aponeurosis
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| general term for the fibrous connective tissue found under the skin and surrounding many deeper organs, including skeletal muscles and bones | fascia
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| Tube-shaped structures of fibrous connective tissue that enclose certain tendons, notably those of the wrist and ankle | tendon sheaths
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| 6 muscle shapes | parallel, convergent, pennate, fusiform, spiral, circular
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| vary in length,straplike muscles with parallel fascicles, sartorius muscle and rectus abdominis are examples | parallel
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| radiate out from a small to a wider point of attachment, like the blades in a fan. example: pectoralis major muscle | convergent
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| muscles with a“feather-like” appearance | pennate
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| have fascicles that may be close to parallel in the center (thick in the middle), converge to a tendon at one or both ends. example: brachioradialis | fusiform
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| have fibers that twist between their points of attachment, example: latisumus dorsi | spiral
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| muscles that are circle body tubes or openings. examples: orbicularis oris around the mouth | circular
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| point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts | orgin
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| the point of attachment that moves when the muscle contracts | insertion
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| muscles that function as joint stabilizers. help maintain posture or balance | fixator
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| What are the criteria for naming muscles | location, function, shape, size, direction of fibers, number of divisions, points of attachement
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| Functions of muscles | movement, heat, posture
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| protective sheath, plasma membrane connections between sacromeres | sarcolemma
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| the cytoplam of the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber | sarcoplasm
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| bundles of very fine cytoskeletal filaments that extend lengthwise along skeletal muscle fibers, fill the sarcoplasm, cylindrical structures that carry out contraction | myofibrils
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| Myofibrils are made up of still fine fibers called | myofilaments
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| 2 types of myofilaments | thick and thin
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| a segment of the myofibril between two successive Z lines,functions as a contractile unit, make up miofibrils | sarcomeres
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| four different kinds of protein molecules make up myofilaments: | myosin, actin, tropomysin, tropin
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| The thin myofilaments are made of a combination of three proteins: | actin, tropomyosin, troponin
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| anchor for myofibrils and separates one sarcomere from the next | Z line
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| Injuries (tearing or stretching) to skeletal muscles caused by overexertion or trauma usually result in | muscle strain
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| If an injury occurs in the area of a joint and a ligament is damaged, the injury is a | sprain
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| 3 types of muscle | cardiac, smooth, skeletal
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| where is smooth muscle found | walls of all hollow organs of the body
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| another name for skeletal muscle | striated
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| thick filaments are composed of what protein | myosin
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| thin filaments are composed of what proteins? | actin, troponin, tropmyosin
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| in the resting state, Ca is stored in what part of the muscle fiber | sacroplasmic reticulum
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| what does Ca bind to? | troponin of thin filaments
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| when troponin and Ca bind they stimulate what | interaction between actin and myosin reulting in sacromere contraction
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| what role does ATP have in muscle contraction? | pumps Ca back
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