Phlebotomy Chap 6 Vascular system Pg186-198
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| The vascular system is the system of blood vessels that, along with the heart, for the closed system by which blood is _?_ to all parts of the body? | circulated
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| There are two divisions of the vascular system. name them. | Pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation
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| Pulmonary circulation carries blood from the right _?_ of the heart to the lungs to remove _?_ _?_ and pick up _?_ and returns oxygenated blood to the left _?_ of the heart. | right ventricle,remove carbon dioxide and pick up oxygen, left atrium
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| The systemic circulation serves the rest of the body, carrying oxygenated blood &nutrients from the left _?_ of heart to body cells& returning to the right _?_ of heart with blood that is carrying _?_ _?_ and other waste products of _?_ from the cells. | left ventricle, right atrium, clood carrying carbon dioxide, of metabolism
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| Structures of the vascular system are the various blood vessels that, along with the heart, form the closed system for the flow of _?_ | flow of blood
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| Blood vessels are tubelike structures capable of _?_ and _?_. There are 3 types of blood vessels: name them. | Expanding and contracting. 3 types of blood vessels are *arteries,*veins,*capillaries.
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| See Fig 6-4 pg 187 to study principle arteries of the body | See Fig 6-4 pg 187 to study principle arteries of the body
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| _?_ are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. | Arteries
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| Arteries have thick walls because? | because the blood that moves through them is under pressure from the contraction of the venticles.
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| pressure from the contraction of the venticles in the heart creates a _?_ that can be felt, distinguishing them from veins. | Pulse
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| When arterial blood is collected by syringe, the pressure normally causes the blood to ? | to "pump" or pulse into the syringe under its own power
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| Systemic arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues. because it is oxygen rich, or full of oxygen normal systemic arterial blood is what color? | cherry red
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| the pulmonary artery, part of pulmonary circulation, is classified as an artery because of ? | classified as artery because it carries blood away from the heart. It is the only artery that carries deoxygenated or oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs
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| The smallest branches of arteries that join with the capillaries are called? | arterioles
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| What is the largest artery in the body? | The aorta
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| What size is the aorta artery in the body? | 1 inch (2.5cm) in diameter largest artery in the body
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| See Fig 6-5 pg 189 to study principle veins of the body | See Fig 6-5 pg 189 to study principle veins of the body
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| Veins are blood vessels that return blood to _?_. | heart.
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| Veins carry blood that is low in oxygen(deoxygenated or oxygen-poor) except for the _?_ vein,which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart. | Pulmonary vein
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| Because systemic venous blood is oxygen poor,it is much _?_ and more _?_ _?_ color than normal arterial blood. | much darker, more bluish red
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| Why are the walls of veins thinner than arteries? | they are thinner because the blood is under less pressure than arterial blood.
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| Since the vein walls are thinner, veins can _?_ more easily than arteries. | collapse
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| How is blood kept moving through the veins? | by skeletal movement,valves that prevent the backflow of blood,and pressure changes in the abdominal and thoracic cavities during breathing.
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| The smallest veins at the junction of the capillaries are called what? | venules
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| The largest veins in the body are the what? | Vena Cavae (sing. Vena Cava)
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| The longest veins in the body are called what? | great saphenous veins in the leg.
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| what are _?_ are microscopic, one-cell-thick vessels that connect ther arterioles and venules forming a bridge between the arterial and venouse circulation. | Capillaries
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| Thin capillary walls allow the exchange of _?_ for _?_ _?_ and _?_ for wastes between the cells and the blood. | oxygen for carbon dioxide and nutrients for wastes
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| Carbon dioxide and wastes are carried away in the _?_ blood. | Venous blood
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| In _?_ circulation, carbon dioxide is delivered to the capillaries in the lungs and exchanges for oxygen. | Pulmonary circulation
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| The network of _?_, _?_ and _?_ form the pathway for the flow of blood throughout the body that allows for the delivery or oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and the removal of carbon dioxide and other waste products of metabolism | arteries, veins and capillaries
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| See Fig 6-6 pg 190 to study oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the tissue capillaries | See Fig 6-6 pg 190 to study oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the tissue capillaries
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| See Fig 6-7 pg 191 study the representation of the vascular flow. | See Fig 6-7 pg 191 study the representation of the vascular flow.
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| See box 6-2 pg 192 study the order of vascular flow of blood starting with the return of oxygen poor blood to the heart. | See box 6-2 pg 192 study the order of vascular flow of blood starting with the return of oxygen poor blood to the heart.
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| See Fig 6-8/6-9 pg193 Blood vessel structure | See Fig 6-8/6-9 pg193 Blood vessel structure
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| Arteries and veins are composed of _?__ main layers the thickness of the layers varies with the size and type of blood vessel. | three
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| Capillaries are composed of a single layer of _?_ cells enclosed in a basement membrane. | endothelial cells
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| Give the name of the outer layer of a blood vessel, sometimes called the tunica externa. It is made up of connective tissue and is thicker in arteries than in veins | Tunica Adventitia
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| Give the name of the middle layer of a blood vessel. It is made up of smooth muscle tissue and some elastic fibers. It is much thicker in arteries than veins. | Tunica Media
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| Give the name of the inner layer or lining of a blood vessel, someetimes called the tunica interna. It is made up of a single layer of endothelial cells with an underlining basement membrane, a connective tissue layer, and an elastic internal membrane | Tunica intima
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| Pg 192. The internal space of a blood vessel through which the blood flows is called the what? | Lumen
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| What valves are thin membranous leaflets composed primarily of epithelium similar to the semilunar valves of the heart. | Venous valves
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| Most of the venous system is flowing against the pull of _?_. | gravity
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| As blood is moved forward by skeletal muscle movement, for example valves help keep it flowing toward the heart by allowing blood to flow in _?_ direction. | Flow only in one direction
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| See Fig 6-10 pg 194 role of skeletal muscles and valves in blood return. | See Fig 6-10 pg 194 role of skeletal muscles and valves in blood return.
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| Role of skeletal muscles and valves in blood return. _?_ skeletal muscle compresses the vein and drives blood forward, opening the _?_ valve, while the _?_ valve closes to prevent backflow of blood. | Contracting skeletal muscle, opening proximal valve , distal valve closes
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| Role of skeletal muscles and valves in blood return. When the muscle relaxes again, the _?_ valve opens and the _?_ proximal valve closes until blood moving in the vein forces it open again. | distal valve opens and proximal valve closes
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| The presence of valves with in veins is a major _?_ difference between arteries and veins. | structural
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| Phlebotomy-related vascular anatomy pg 194The major veins of venipuncture are located in the arm in what is referred to as the what? | Antecubital fossa.
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| This is the area of the arm that is anterior to (in front of) and below the bend of the elbow. Several major arm veins lie close to the surface in this area, making them easier to locate and penetrate with a _?_ | a needle
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| These major superficial veins are referred to as _?_ veins. | antecubital veins
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| Anatomic arrangement of antecubital veins varies slightly from person to person, however, two basic vein arrangements referred to as the _?_- and _?_-shaped patterns. are seen most often. see fig 6-11pg195 | H- and M-shaped patterns see fig 6-11A&B pg195
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| The vein patterns are so named because the major antecubital veins on the arm resemble the shape of an _?_ or an _?_. | resemble shape of H or M
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| The H-shaped vein distribution pattern is displayed by approximately _?_% of the population and includes the median cubital vein, cephalic vein and basilic vein. | 70% of the population,
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| _?_ cubital vein is located near the center of the antecubital area,it is the preferred vein for venipuncture in the H-shaped pattern. | Median cubital vein
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| median cubital vein is typically larger, closer to the surface and more stationary than the others, making it the easiest and least painful to _?_ and the least likely to bruise. | least painful to puncture.
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| _?_ vein is located in the lateral aspect of the antecubital area, it is the second-choice vein for venipuncture in the H-shaped pattern. | Cephalic vein
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| Cephalic vein is often harder to _?_ than the median cubital but is fairly well anchored and often the only vein that can be palpated(felt) in _?_ patients. | harder to palpate, obese patiens
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| pg 196 _?_ vein: a large vein located on the medial aspect (inner side) of the antecubital area, it is the last choice vein for venipuncture in either vein distribution pattern. | Basilic vein
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| Basilic vein is generally easy to palpate but is not as well anchored and rolls more easily,increasing the possibility of accidental puncture of the anterior or posterior branch of the _?_ cutaneous nerve (a major arm nerve) or the _?_ artery | Medial cutaneous nerve or brachial artery
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| The medial cutaneous nerve and brachial artery more commonly underlie this arealocated on medial aspect (inner side) of antecubital area. Punctures in this area tend to be _?_ _?_. | more painful
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| Fig 6-11B pg 195 The veins that form the M-shaped vein distribution pattern. Name the 3veins most commonly used for venipuncture in this distribution pattern. | *Intermediate antebrachial vein*Intermediate cephalic vein*Intermediate basilic vein
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| What vein is the first choice for venipuncture in the M-Shaped pattern because it is well anchored,tends to be less painful, and is not as close to major nerves or arteries as the others, making it generally the safest puncture. | Intermediate antebrachial vein (commonly referred to as the median vein)
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| What vein is the second choice for venipuncture in the M-shaped pattern because it is accessible and is for the most part located away from the major nerves or arteries, making it generally a safe to puncture. less likely to roll, less painful to puncture | Intermediate cephalic vein (commonly referred to as the median cephalic vein)
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| What vein is the third choice for venipuncture in the M-shaped pattern. Even though the third choice may appear more accessible is more painful and is located near the anterior and posterior branch of the medial cutaneous nerve. | Intermediatte basilic vein (commonly referred to as median basilic vein)
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| Vein location may differ somewhat from person to person and you may not see the exact textbook pattern. | Vein location may differ somewhat from person to person and you may not see the exact textbook pattern.
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| The important thing to remember is to choose a prominent _?_ that is well fixed and does not overlie a _?_ which indicates the presence of an artery and the potential presence of a major _?_. | vein, a pulse, a major nerve
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| see pg 195 fig 6-11C Other Arm & hand veins According to CLSL although the larger and fuller medial cubital and cephalic veins are more frequently used, veins on the back of the _?_ and _?_ are also acceptable for venipuncture. | Hand and wrist
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| True or false: veins on the underside of the wrist are acceptable for venipuncture. | FALSE: CAUTION they are never acceptable for venipunture
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| see Pg 197 Fig 6-12 Leg, Ankle, and foot veins.Because of the potential for significant medical complications such as _?_ or _?_, leg ankle and foot veins must not be used for venipuncture without permission of the Patient's _?_ | see Pg 197 Fig 6-12 Leg, Ankle, and foot veins.phlebitis or thrombosis, permission of patiet's physician.
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| When a venipuncture of the femoral vein is needed who performs this puncture. | Only by physician or specially trained personnel.
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| _?_ puncture requires special training to perform, is more painful and _?_ to the patient, and is generally limited to the collection of _?_ _?_ _?_ (ABG) specimens for evaluating _?_ function. | Arterial puncture,hazardous, collection of arterial blood gases (ABG), evaluating respiratory function.
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| Name the vascular system disorder: pg 197-198a localized dialation or bulging in the wall of a blood vessel, usually an artery | Vascular Disorder is: Aneurysm
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| Name the vascular system disorder: pg 197-198thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity of artery walls | Vascular Disorder is: Arteriosclerosis
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| Name the vascular system disorder: pg 197-198a form of arteriosclerosis involving changes in the intima or the artery due to accumulation of lipds and so on.` | Vascular Disorder is: Atherosclerosis
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| Name the vascular system disorder: pg 197-198obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus | Vascular Disorder is: Embolism
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| Name the vascular system disorder: pg 197-198a blood clot, part of a blood clot, or other mass of undissolved matter circulating in the blood stream | Vascular Disorder is: Embolus
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| Name the vascular system disorder: pg 197-198varicose veins in the rectal area | Vascular Disorder is: Hemorrhoids
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| Name the vascular system disorder: pg 197-198inflammation of a vein | Vascular Disorder is: Phlebitis
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| Name the vascular system disorder: pg 197-198inflammation of a vein along with thrombus (blood clot) formation | Vascular Disorder is: Thrombophlebitis
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| Name the vascular system disorder: pg 197-198a blood clot in a blood vessel | Vascular Disorder is: Thrombus
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| Name the vascular system disorder: pg 197-198swollen, knotted superficial veins | Vascular Disorder is: Varicose veins
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| See pg 198 Box 6-3 Examples of Vascular system Diagnostic Tests. Name 5 tests | See pg 198 Box 6-3 Examples of Vascular system Diagnostic Tests. name 5.Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) screen*Lipoproteins*Prothrombin time (PT)*partial thromboplastin time (PTT?APTT)*Triglycerides
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