Pathological Conditions/Diagnostic techniques, Treatments, Procedures
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| Osteomalacia | Abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of calcium and phosphorous in the blood
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| Osteomyelitis | A local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow
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| Osteoporosis | Porous bones, bones that were once strong become fragile due to loss of bone density, Greatest susceptibility to fractures
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| Osteochondroma | Most common benign bone tumor, Most frequently involves the Femur and Tibia
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| Paget's Disease | Nonmetabolic disease of the bone, also known as Osteitis Deformans, excessive bone destruction and disorganized bone formation by the osteoblasts. Bone is weak and prone to fractures
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| Spinal Stenosis | Narrowing of the vertebral canal, Congenital or due to spinal degeneration
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| Talipes Equinovarus | Clubfoot, Foot fixed in plantar flexion deviating medially, with heel in elevated position
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| Kyphosis | Outward curvature = humpback or hunchback
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| Lordosis | Inward curvature = swayback
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| Scoliosis | Lateral (sideward) curvature, Curvature may be to left or right
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| Closed Fracture | Break in the bone but no open wound in skin
-simple fracture
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| Open Fracture | Break in bone, as well as an open wound in skin
-Compound fracture
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| Complete facture | Break extends through the entire thickness of bone
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| Incomplete Fracture | One side of bone is broken and one side of bone is bent considerably but not broken
-greenstick fracture
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| Colles' fracture | Break occurs at lower end of the radius, within 1 inch of connecting with wrist bones
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| Hairline Fracture | Minor fracture in which the bone continues to be in perfect alignment (stress fracture)
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| Compression fracture | Caused by bone surfaces being forced against each other
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| Impacted fracture | Direct force causes bone to break, Forces broken end of smaller bone into broken end larger bone
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| Comminuted Fracture | Splintered
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| Pathological Fracture | Bone is weakened by a preexisting disease, Break is in response to a force that would not cause a normal bone to break
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| Treatment of fractures | Closed reduction, open reduction
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| Bone scan | Intravenous injection of a radioscope, which is absorbed by bone tissue, followed by scanning of the skeleton approx. 3hrs later to dtect areas where the bone absorbs the isoscope
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| Bone marrow aspiration | Removal of a small sample of bone marrow from a selected site with a needle, specimen is examined under a microscope, sterile technique
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| Noninvasive procedures for evaluating bone density | -Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), most commonly used procedure
-Dual photon absorptiometry
Quantative computed tomography(QCT) not frequently used
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| Occult Fracture | A fracture that cannot be detected on and Xray until a few weeks after the injury occurs.
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| Ossification | The conversion of fibrous connective tissue and cartilage into bone or a boney substance
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