Muscles
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| Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force
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| excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus
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| extensibility | the ability to be stretched
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| elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched
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| epimysium | connective tissue sheath surrounding the skeletal muscle
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| fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium
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| fibers | single muscle cells
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| myofibrils | cytoplasm of each fiber
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| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments
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| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments
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| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers
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| 2 major protein fibers | actin myofilaments
myosin myofilaments
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| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows
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| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips
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| buccinator | flattens the cheeks
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| zygomaticus | smiling muscles
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| levator labii superioris | sneering
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| depressor anguli oris | frowning
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| mastication | chewing
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| sternocleidomastoid | prime mover
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| intrinsic tongue muscles | shape of tongue
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| extrinsic tongue muscle | moves the tongue
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| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids
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| fast twitch fibers | white meat (breast)
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| slow twitch fibers | dark meat (legs)
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| isotonic | equal tension
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| isometric | equal distance
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| origin | head
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| origin | most stationary end of the muscle
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| insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement
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| belly | muscle between the origin and insertion
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| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movement
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| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another
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| anaerobic | without oxygen
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| aerobic | with oxygen
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| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used during muscle contraction
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| oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions
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| all or none response | phenomenon
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| sliding filament mechanism | sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction
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| external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration
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| internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration
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| diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing
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| linea alba | tendinous area of the abdominal muscle
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| trapezius | rotates scapula
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| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly
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| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arms
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| latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm
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| deltoid | attaches the humerous to the scapula and clavicle, major abductor of the upper limb
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| triceps | extends the forearm, anterior
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| biceps | flexes the forearm, posterior
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| brachialis | flexes the forearm
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| brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm
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| retinaculum | strong band of fibrous tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons
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| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist
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| extensor carpi | extends the wrist
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| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers
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| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers
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| gluteus maximus | butt
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| quadriceps | extends the leg; anterior
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| sartorius | tailors muscle; flexes the thigh
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| hamstring | posterior thigh muscles
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