Chapter 6- Muscles
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| ability to shorten with force | contractility
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| capacity to respond to a stimulus | excitability
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| ability to be stretched | extensibility
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| ability to recoil to original length | elasticity
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| muscles produce what? | heat
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| connective tissue sheath called... | epimysium
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| connective tissue located outside epimysium | Fascia
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| surrounded by loose connective tissue called... | perimysium
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| single muscle cells | fibers
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| cytoplasm each fiber filled with | myofibrils
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| myofibrils consist of 2 protein fibers | actin myofilaments & myosin myofilaments
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| highly ordered units called | sacromeres
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| sacromere extends from | one z line to another z line
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| Each side of the z line light area called... | an I band
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| I band consists of- | actin
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| The A band extends the length of the | myosin
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| charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential
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| brief reversal back of charge is called... | action potential
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| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons
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| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called... | motor unit
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| secrete a neurotransmitter called... | acetylocholine
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| contraction of entire muscle | muscle twitch
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| point at which muscle fiber ill contract maximally | threshold
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| time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction | lag phase
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| contraction phase | time of the contraction
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| relaxation phase | time during which muscle relaxes
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| tetany | where muscle remains contacted without relaxing
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| increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment
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| atp | adenosine triphosphate
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| atp | needed for energy for muscle contraction
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| produced in the mitochondria | atp
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| short-lived, unstable | atp
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| without oxygen | anaerobic respirtation
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| with oxygen | aerobic respiration
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| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose to replenish | oxygen debt
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| faster than it can be produced | muscle fatigue
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| muscle contractions | two types
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| isometric | equal distance
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| equal tension | isotonic
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| keeps head and back straight | muscle tone
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| contract quickly fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers
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| white meat is an example of- | fast-twitch fibers
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| dark meat is an example of- | slow-twitch fibers
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| contract more slowly and resist fatigue | slow-twitch fibers
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| points of attachment of each muscle | origin and insertion
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| another name for origin | head
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| most stationary end of the muscle | origin
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| undergoes greatest movement | insertion
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| end of the muscle | insertion
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| belly | between the origin and insertion
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| t/f some multiples have multiple origins | true
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| muscles that work together | synergists
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| muscles that work in opposition | antagonists
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| among a group of synergists | prime mover
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| plays major role in accomplishing the desired movement | prime mover
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| muscles have names that are_____________ | descriptive
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| some are named according to_____________ | shape, size, origin insertion, orientation of fibers, and function
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| raise the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis
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| closes the eyelids | orbicularis oculi
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| buccinator | flattens the cheeks
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| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris
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| oribicularis oris and buccinator are ___________ muscles | kissing muscles
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| smiling muscles | zygomaticus
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| sneering | levator labii superioris
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| frowning | depressor anguli oris
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| chewing | mastication
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| ________ pair of mastication muscles | 4
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| 2 pair of | pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter
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| tongue muscles | two types
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| instrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of the tongue
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| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue
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| neck muscle | sternocleidomastoid
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| sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck | platysma
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| group of muscles on each side of the back | erector spinae
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| responsible for keeping the back straight and erect | erector spinae
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| muscles that move the thorax | thoracic muscles
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| most involved in breathing | external intercostals and internal instercostals
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| external intercostals | elevate ribs during inspiration
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| internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration
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| accomplishes quiet breathing | diaphragm
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Created by:
Hannah Watson
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