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Chapter 6- Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ability to shorten with force | contractility |
| capacity to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil to original length | elasticity |
| muscles produce what? | heat |
| connective tissue sheath called... | epimysium |
| connective tissue located outside epimysium | Fascia |
| surrounded by loose connective tissue called... | perimysium |
| single muscle cells | fibers |
| cytoplasm each fiber filled with | myofibrils |
| myofibrils consist of 2 protein fibers | actin myofilaments & myosin myofilaments |
| highly ordered units called | sacromeres |
| sacromere extends from | one z line to another z line |
| Each side of the z line light area called... | an I band |
| I band consists of- | actin |
| The A band extends the length of the | myosin |
| charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| brief reversal back of charge is called... | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called... | motor unit |
| secrete a neurotransmitter called... | acetylocholine |
| contraction of entire muscle | muscle twitch |
| point at which muscle fiber ill contract maximally | threshold |
| time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction | lag phase |
| contraction phase | time of the contraction |
| relaxation phase | time during which muscle relaxes |
| tetany | where muscle remains contacted without relaxing |
| increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| atp | adenosine triphosphate |
| atp | needed for energy for muscle contraction |
| produced in the mitochondria | atp |
| short-lived, unstable | atp |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respirtation |
| with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose to replenish | oxygen debt |
| faster than it can be produced | muscle fatigue |
| muscle contractions | two types |
| isometric | equal distance |
| equal tension | isotonic |
| keeps head and back straight | muscle tone |
| contract quickly fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
| white meat is an example of- | fast-twitch fibers |
| dark meat is an example of- | slow-twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and resist fatigue | slow-twitch fibers |
| points of attachment of each muscle | origin and insertion |
| another name for origin | head |
| most stationary end of the muscle | origin |
| undergoes greatest movement | insertion |
| end of the muscle | insertion |
| belly | between the origin and insertion |
| t/f some multiples have multiple origins | true |
| muscles that work together | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition | antagonists |
| among a group of synergists | prime mover |
| plays major role in accomplishing the desired movement | prime mover |
| muscles have names that are_____________ | descriptive |
| some are named according to_____________ | shape, size, origin insertion, orientation of fibers, and function |
| raise the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| closes the eyelids | orbicularis oculi |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| oribicularis oris and buccinator are ___________ muscles | kissing muscles |
| smiling muscles | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| frowning | depressor anguli oris |
| chewing | mastication |
| ________ pair of mastication muscles | 4 |
| 2 pair of | pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| tongue muscles | two types |
| instrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| neck muscle | sternocleidomastoid |
| sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck | platysma |
| group of muscles on each side of the back | erector spinae |
| responsible for keeping the back straight and erect | erector spinae |
| muscles that move the thorax | thoracic muscles |
| most involved in breathing | external intercostals and internal instercostals |
| external intercostals | elevate ribs during inspiration |
| internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| accomplishes quiet breathing | diaphragm |
Created by:
Hannah Watson
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