ch. 6 muscles
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| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows
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| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids
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| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips
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| buccinator | flattens the cheeks
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| zygomaticus | smiling muscle
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| levator labii superioris | sneering
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| depressor anguli oris | frowning
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| mastication | chewing
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| mastication muscles | temporalis and masseter
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| intrinsic tongue muscles | changes the shape of the tongue
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| extrinsic tongue muscles | moves the tongue
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| neck muscle | sternocleidomastoid
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| trunk muscles | erector spinae
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| erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back
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| thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax
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| external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration
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| internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration
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| the tendinous area of the abdominal wall is called what? | linea alba
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| on each side of the linea alba is what muscle? | the rectus abdominis
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| what causes the abdominal wall of a well-muscled person to appear segmented? | tendinous inscriptions
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| trapezius | rotates scapula
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| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anterior
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| the arm is attached to the thorax by the? | pectoralis major & latissimus dorsi muscles
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| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm
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| latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm
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| deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle
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| triceps brachii | extends the forearm
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| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm
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| brachialis | flexes forearm
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| brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm
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| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist
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| extensor carpi | extends the wrist
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| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers
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| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers
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| intrinsic hand muscles | 19 hand muscles
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| gluteus maximus | buttocks
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| gluteus medius | hip muscle
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| quadriceps femoris | extends the leg; anterior thigh muscle
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| sartorius | "tailors muscle"; flexes the thigh
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| hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscles;flexes the leg and extends the thigh
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| form the calf muscle | gastrocnemius and soleus
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| they join to form what tendon? | calcaneal tendon
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| calcaneal tendon or achilles tendon | flexes the foot and toes
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| the lateral muscles of the leg | peroneus
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| 20 muscles located within the foot | intrinsic foot muscles
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| four major functional characteristics of muscles | contractility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity
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| the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility
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| the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability
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| the ability to e stretched | extensibility
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| ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | elasticity
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| each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the? | epimysium
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| another connective tissue located outside the epimysium | fascia
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| each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the? | endomysium
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| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments
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| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments
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| actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called | sarcomeres
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| each sarcomere extends from? | one Z line to another Z line
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| The charge difference across the membrane is called the? | resting membrane potential
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| the brief reversal back of the charge is called? | action potential
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| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons
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| neuromuscular junction | synapse
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| the enlarged nerve terminal is called? | presynaptic terminal
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| each presynaptic terminal contains: | synaptic vesicles
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| synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called? | acetylcholine
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| acetylcholine is broken down by | acetylcholinesterase
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| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers is a? | muscle twitch
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| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing is called? | tetany
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| ATP can store anther high-energy molecule called? | creatine phosphate
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| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen
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| aerobic respiration | with oxygen
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| what results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced? | muscle fatigue
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| length of the muscle does not change but the amount of tension increases | isometric
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| amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction but the length of the muscle changes | isotonic
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| fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly
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| slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue
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| origin | most stationary end of muscle
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| insertion | undergoes the greatest amount of movement
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| between origin and insertion | belly
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| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists
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| muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists
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| plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | prime mover
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