Ch. 14 - The Nervous System/ Terms
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| neurology | study of the disease of the nervous system (NS)
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| neurologist | specialist in the diseases of the NS.
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| hemiplegia | paralysis of one half of the body
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| paraplegia | paralysis of both lower limbs (waist down)
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| quadriplegia | paralysis of 4 limbs
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| autism | mental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and inability to communicate.
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| ataxia | lack of muscle coordination; caused by injury to the cerebellum
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| dyslexia | inability to learn and process written language
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| cerebral palsy | mild paralyis due to developmental defects in brain
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| dementia | loss of memory
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| Alzheimer disease | a progressive brain disease that leads to: severe loss of memory, personality change and disorientation to time and place.
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| coma | loss of conciousness w/ absence of response to stimuli
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| syncope (fainting) | temporary loss of conciousness caused by sudden drop in the blood pressure (BP)
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| Huntington chorea | inherited disease characterized by dudden involuntary movements
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| hydrocephalus | accumulation of fluids (Cerebral Spinal Fluid/ CSF) in the brain ventricles.
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| neurosis | unconsious conflict that leads to anxiety or obssession that is called obssessive-compulsive disorder
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| psychosis | emotional disorder characterized by loss of contact w/ reality.
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| depression | mood disorder, sadness, discourage, low-self esteem
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| panic attack | sudden and servere feeling of fear
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| anorexia nervosa | eating disorder, no food intake
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| bulima nervosa | eating disorder, overeating & purging (vomiting/laxative)
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| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | stroke either caused by blood clot or rupture aneurysm (dilation or ballooning of blood vessels)
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| transient ischemia attack (TIA) | temporary interruption of blood supply to the brain that lasts for a short time.
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| concussion | sudden movement of brain due to trauma and recovery is usually complete.
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| contusion | a bruising of the surface of the brain that leads to some damages.
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| Parkinson's disease | tremors and muscle rigidity, slow momvement
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| Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | loss of myelin sheath and hardening of nervous tissue leading to the muscle weakness.
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| epilepsy | a disease characterized by seizures
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| Bell's palsy | paralysis of one side of the face due to injury to the facial nerve (7th cranial nerve)
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| neuritis | inflammation of the nerve
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| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges
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| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain tissue
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| anencephaly | congenital malformation; part of all the brain is missing (Zika virus)
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| hyperesthesia | excessive sensation to touch and pain
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| spina bifida | abnormal defect (hole) in the vertebrae that leads to protrusion (hernia) of the meniges w/ or w/out part of the SC.
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| meningocele | protrusion of the spinal meninges to the outside
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| meningomyelocele | protrusion of the meninges and SC to the outside (bulging)
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| computed tomography (CT) | taking imaging at different angles and cross section using X rays.
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| Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) | imaging the brain blood vessels using strong magnetic fields after injecting contrast medium.
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| Positron Emission Tomography (PET) | imaging the brain using positrons
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| electroencephalography (EEG) | recording the brain electric activity
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| electromyography (EMG) | recording the electric waves in the muscles
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| angiography | imaging of blood vessels after injecting contrast medium
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| myelography | imaging of SC after injecting contrast medium
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| ultrasonography | imaging using high frequency sound waves
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| echoencephalography | imaging the brain using sound echo
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| lumber puncture (LP) | needle puncture of the spinal cavity to obtain a sample of the CSF.
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| CSF analysis | a series of tests done on the CSF to diagnose different disease
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