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Medical Terminology
Ch. 14 - The Nervous System/ Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| neurology | study of the disease of the nervous system (NS) |
| neurologist | specialist in the diseases of the NS. |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of one half of the body |
| paraplegia | paralysis of both lower limbs (waist down) |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of 4 limbs |
| autism | mental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and inability to communicate. |
| ataxia | lack of muscle coordination; caused by injury to the cerebellum |
| dyslexia | inability to learn and process written language |
| cerebral palsy | mild paralyis due to developmental defects in brain |
| dementia | loss of memory |
| Alzheimer disease | a progressive brain disease that leads to: severe loss of memory, personality change and disorientation to time and place. |
| coma | loss of conciousness w/ absence of response to stimuli |
| syncope (fainting) | temporary loss of conciousness caused by sudden drop in the blood pressure (BP) |
| Huntington chorea | inherited disease characterized by dudden involuntary movements |
| hydrocephalus | accumulation of fluids (Cerebral Spinal Fluid/ CSF) in the brain ventricles. |
| neurosis | unconsious conflict that leads to anxiety or obssession that is called obssessive-compulsive disorder |
| psychosis | emotional disorder characterized by loss of contact w/ reality. |
| depression | mood disorder, sadness, discourage, low-self esteem |
| panic attack | sudden and servere feeling of fear |
| anorexia nervosa | eating disorder, no food intake |
| bulima nervosa | eating disorder, overeating & purging (vomiting/laxative) |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | stroke either caused by blood clot or rupture aneurysm (dilation or ballooning of blood vessels) |
| transient ischemia attack (TIA) | temporary interruption of blood supply to the brain that lasts for a short time. |
| concussion | sudden movement of brain due to trauma and recovery is usually complete. |
| contusion | a bruising of the surface of the brain that leads to some damages. |
| Parkinson's disease | tremors and muscle rigidity, slow momvement |
| Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | loss of myelin sheath and hardening of nervous tissue leading to the muscle weakness. |
| epilepsy | a disease characterized by seizures |
| Bell's palsy | paralysis of one side of the face due to injury to the facial nerve (7th cranial nerve) |
| neuritis | inflammation of the nerve |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain tissue |
| anencephaly | congenital malformation; part of all the brain is missing (Zika virus) |
| hyperesthesia | excessive sensation to touch and pain |
| spina bifida | abnormal defect (hole) in the vertebrae that leads to protrusion (hernia) of the meniges w/ or w/out part of the SC. |
| meningocele | protrusion of the spinal meninges to the outside |
| meningomyelocele | protrusion of the meninges and SC to the outside (bulging) |
| computed tomography (CT) | taking imaging at different angles and cross section using X rays. |
| Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) | imaging the brain blood vessels using strong magnetic fields after injecting contrast medium. |
| Positron Emission Tomography (PET) | imaging the brain using positrons |
| electroencephalography (EEG) | recording the brain electric activity |
| electromyography (EMG) | recording the electric waves in the muscles |
| angiography | imaging of blood vessels after injecting contrast medium |
| myelography | imaging of SC after injecting contrast medium |
| ultrasonography | imaging using high frequency sound waves |
| echoencephalography | imaging the brain using sound echo |
| lumber puncture (LP) | needle puncture of the spinal cavity to obtain a sample of the CSF. |
| CSF analysis | a series of tests done on the CSF to diagnose different disease |
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