anatomy and physiology of the skin
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| epidermis | is the outer most layer and is an organ consisting of primarily epithelial cells. the tissue is known as epithelial tissue or epithelium.
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| covers the body and lines the body cavities and covers the organs. | Epidermis
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| melanocytes | specialized cells responsible for skin color
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| melanin | a pigment produced by melanocytes. the more melanin the darker the skin
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| keratinocytes | specialized cells produce keratin
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| keratin | a protein produced by keratinocytes, that infiltrates the outer most layer of the epithelial cells and makes them tough, waterproof, and resistant to bacteria.
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| keratinized cells | are cells filled with keratin
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| basal cell | deepest layer where cells are constantly being produced
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| soles of feet and palms of hands | 5 layers of skin
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| stratum corneum | aka horny layer, most superficial layer constantly being shed
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| epithelial cells | epithelial tissue or epithelium
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| avascular | no vessels
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| 5 layers of skin | stratum corneum, lucidum (palms and feet) granulasum, spinosum, basal cell
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| dermis | is connective tissue containing hair follicles, blood vessels, nerves, and glands. it consists of fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and plasma cells, it controls inner body temperature through thermoregulation and has sensory receptors
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| skin | consists of epidermis and dermis
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| fibroblast | produce collagen and elastin
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| collagen | makes skin tough and durable
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| elastin | allows tissue to stretch and recoil
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| macrophages | engulf bacteria
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| mast cells | produce histamine
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| plasma cells | produce antibodies
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| subcutaneous tissue | is under the dermis, is not part of the skin, attaches skin to muscle, contains fatty tissues and insulates the body
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| hair follicle | tube like depression form which grows hair. hair grows from the root out
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| papilla | contains blood vessels to nourish hair and promote growth
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| shaft | consist of keratinized cells
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| Hair | formed in a hair follicle, the shaft of the hair consists of keratinized cells
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| nail, cuticle | both consist of keratinized epithelial cells
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| lanula | moon like shape on nail forms new cells
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| eponychium | cuticle, overlaps onto the nail
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| nailbed | underlies the nail
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| sebaceous glands | secrete sebum(oil) which keeps skin and hair soft and skin waterproof
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| suderiferous glands | sweat glands
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| ceruminous glands | produce cerumen- earwax -helps prevent bacterial infections
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| melanoma | cancer of melanocytes
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| carcinomas | cancer of the epithelial cells
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| debridement | removal of dead skin
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| albinism | lack of pigment in skin, hair and eyes
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| adopose | pertaining to fat
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| biopsy | to view living tissue for examination
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| cyanotic | pertaining to bluish discoloration of the skin
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| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin
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| diaphoresis | state of profuse sweating; hyperhidrosis
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| epithelium | structure made up of epithelial cells covering the internal and external surfaces of the body
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| epithelial | pertaining to epithelium
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| erythematous | pertaining to redness of the skin
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| erythema | red discoloration to the skin
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| anhidrosis | lack of sweat
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| hyperhidrosis | excessive secretion of sweat; diaphoresis
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| hyperkeratosis | excessive growth of the outer layer of skin(hornlike layer)
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| keratinocyte | cell that produces keratin(protein-waterproof)
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| lipoma | tumor containing fat
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| melanocyte | cell that produces melanin(melan/o=black)
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| kerat/o;keratin/o | hard; hornlike
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| dermatomycosis | fungal infection of the skin
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| necr/o | death
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| onychomycosis | fungal infection of the nail
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| paronychia | inflammation of the tissue around the nail
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| py/o | pus
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| ras/o | scrape
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| rhytid/o | wrinkle
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| rhytidectomy | removal of wrinkles; facelift
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| seb/o | sebum;oil
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| steat/o | fat
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| ungu/o | nail
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| periungal | pertaining to around the nail
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| epidermis | above the dermis
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| erythroderma | redness of the skin
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| leukoderma | lack of pigment in the skin
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| pyroderma | any pus producing disease of the skin
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| scleroderma | abnormal thickening of the skin
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| xeroderma | chronic dry skin
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| adenoma | tumor of a gland
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| carcinoma | malignant tumor of the epithelial cells
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| carcin/o | cancerous
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| hemangioma | benign tumor of the blood cells
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| oma | tumor
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| melanoma | usually malignant tumor rising from the melanocytes
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| papilloma | benign epithelial tumor
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| papill | nipple-like
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| bx | biopsy
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| sc;subcut;subq | subcutaneous
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| uv | ultra violet
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