Ch.27,28,29,30
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| Name the major endocrine organs: From Superior to Inferior. | Pineal gland, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland (anterior&posterior),Thyroid gland, Parathyroid glands(on dorsal aspect),Thymus, Adrenal gland, Pancreas, and the gonads(teste&ovaries)
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| Name the hormones secreted by the Anterior Pituitary Gland(adenohypophysis) | Gonadotropins=Follicel-Stimulating hormone(FSH)
And Luteinizing Hormone(LH) then
Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH),Growth hormone(GH),Prolactin(PRL).
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| What hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland? | Thyroid hormone(TH)=T3&T4, also Calcitonin.
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| Which gland produces Insulin&Glucagon? | The Pancreas
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| The Adrenal Glands produce what in the medullary portion? | Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
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| The Adrenal Cortex produces what 3 major groups of steriod hormones? | 1. Corticosteriods
2.Mineralocorticoids
3.Glucocorticoids
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| What is the Pineal gland's major endocrine product? | Only Melatonin
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| Name the Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland(neuropophysis) | Oxytocin & Antidiuretic Hormone(ADH)
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| Gonads are chiefly responsible in producing? | Estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone.
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| When the thyroid glands are actively secreting what is the physiological state of the tissue? | Follicles are small, and Colloids foggy with white ruffled borders.
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| Inactive Thyroid glands are? | Squamous like, with large plump follicle.
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| What does parathyroid look like under microscope? | Blueberries, some squished & some formed
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| What is evident physiologically with pancreas tissue? | It has Pancreatic Islets(aka islets of Langerhans)
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| What does the Posterior pituitary look like, under microscope | Observable pink threads (nerve fibers-axons) and purple dots known to be Pituicytes
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| Name the areas of the adrenal gland-->going from superficial to deep. | Zona Glomerulosa, Zona fasciculata, Zona Reticularis, Medulla cells.
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| If blood is spun in a centrifuge what is packed down? In the middle?and on top? | Bottom: Erythocytes(RBC's)
Middle:Buffy Coat=Leukocytes(WBC)&platelets
Top: Plasma
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| Characteristics of blood are? | Sticky, opaque, metallic taste, dense, slightly alkaline, temo 100.4, measuring 4-6L pr.adult.
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| When performing a Differential WBC what do you do with your slide? | Zig~Zag motion, count 100 WBC's, and classify according to type in percentages.
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| What is the significance of A total WBC count? | Check for Leukocytosis for elevated #'s
or leukopenia=decreased wbc's
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| What is the significance of total RBC count? | To check for Anemia=decreased RBC's
or polycemia=increased RBC's
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| What does abnormal WBC counts along with reduced RBC's and platelets indicate? | Leukemia
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| Name the WBC's different cell types from most common-->least. | Neutrophils,Lymphocytes, monocytes, Eosinophils, basophils.
*(N.ever L.et M.onkeys E.at B.ananas)*
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| Eosinophils attack? | Parasites
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| Elevated Basophils indicate? | An allergic reaction
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| Increased Lymphocytes means? | Possible infection
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| Monocytes differentiate into what? | Macrophages.
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| Define Hematocrit? | Test routinely done to check for anemia. AKA: packed cell volume(PCV) by using centerfuge, and cap tubes(heparinized)
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| What is used when determining Coagulation? | Unheparinized cap. tube(causes fibrin to break off into pieces)
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| What is the normal Coagulation time? | 2-6 minutes
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| When blood typing presence of clotting with anti-rh indicates? | An Rh+ person
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| Blood that clots with anti-A but not anti-B | Type B
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| Blood that didn't clumped with either Antibodies would be what? | type O
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| What is the universal recipient? | AB
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| All blood cells derive from? | A stem cell known as Hemocytoblast
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| What is the fetal disease known to be from an RH- mom,with Rh+ fetus? | Erythroblastosis fetalis
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| What is the largest artery in the body? | The Aorta
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| What is the Pulmonary flow of blood from Vena cava -->to lungs?Then Systemical flow onward back? | Vena Cavae->R.Atrium->R.Ventricle->Pulmonary arteries->Capillary beds->(gas exchange +O) ->pulmonary veins-> L.ATrium-> L.Ventricle-> Aorta and it branches->Cap. beds of all body tissues(gas exchange-O)->inferior Vena cavae
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| The left side of the Heart is specifically designated for? | Systemic circulation. High pressure expulsion & O2 rich/CO2 poor blood. (more muscular)
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| The right side of heart is more for? | Pulmonary circulation, O2poor/CO2 rich.
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| Typically veins carry O2 poor blood to heart& arteries transports O2 rich blood from heart to body, except in what? | The pulmonary circulation, the opposite occurs. (Veins= O2+blood to heart & Arteries=O2-from heart)
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| Name layers of heart superficial->deep? | Epicardium(w/adipose)
Myocardium(muscle=contractions)
Endocardium(lines heart chambers)
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| Which is more thicker&compose of more elastic, the aorta vs. Vena Cava? | The Aorta (so it may handle more higher volumes of pressure to disburse to distal portions of body.)
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| Which ventricle is thickest? | The Left (muscle side)
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| How do the sheeps valves & heart's anatomy compare to that of the humans? | It's the same
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| Describe smooth muscle? | Visceral, nonstriated(w.scattered uninuclei), and involuntary.
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| Describe Cardiac Muscle? | Only in heart! Striated, involuntary, branches uni-or binucleated, attached by discs.
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| Describe skeletal muscle? | Longest, most densely packed fibers of muscle tissues, obvious striations, voluntary,multinucleate
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| Where would you find sounds of the tricuspid valve? | Right sternal margin of 5th intercostal space
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| Where would you find sounds of the aortic valve? | Right sternal margin of 2nd intercostal space
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| If you move to left sternal margin, 2nd intercostal space which valve would you hear? | Pulmonary valve
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| and now moving downward over hearts apex @5th intercostal space, midline with clavicle, what sound is heard? | Mitral Valve
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| What is the amount of blood pumped out pr. minute? | The (CO) Cardiac output
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| What is the product of CO? | Heart rate and stroke volume
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