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A&P2 Lab Practical 1
Ch.27,28,29,30
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the major endocrine organs: From Superior to Inferior. | Pineal gland, Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland (anterior&posterior),Thyroid gland, Parathyroid glands(on dorsal aspect),Thymus, Adrenal gland, Pancreas, and the gonads(teste&ovaries) |
| Name the hormones secreted by the Anterior Pituitary Gland(adenohypophysis) | Gonadotropins=Follicel-Stimulating hormone(FSH) And Luteinizing Hormone(LH) then Adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH),Growth hormone(GH),Prolactin(PRL). |
| What hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland? | Thyroid hormone(TH)=T3&T4, also Calcitonin. |
| Which gland produces Insulin&Glucagon? | The Pancreas |
| The Adrenal Glands produce what in the medullary portion? | Epinephrine & Norepinephrine |
| The Adrenal Cortex produces what 3 major groups of steriod hormones? | 1. Corticosteriods 2.Mineralocorticoids 3.Glucocorticoids |
| What is the Pineal gland's major endocrine product? | Only Melatonin |
| Name the Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland(neuropophysis) | Oxytocin & Antidiuretic Hormone(ADH) |
| Gonads are chiefly responsible in producing? | Estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone. |
| When the thyroid glands are actively secreting what is the physiological state of the tissue? | Follicles are small, and Colloids foggy with white ruffled borders. |
| Inactive Thyroid glands are? | Squamous like, with large plump follicle. |
| What does parathyroid look like under microscope? | Blueberries, some squished & some formed |
| What is evident physiologically with pancreas tissue? | It has Pancreatic Islets(aka islets of Langerhans) |
| What does the Posterior pituitary look like, under microscope | Observable pink threads (nerve fibers-axons) and purple dots known to be Pituicytes |
| Name the areas of the adrenal gland-->going from superficial to deep. | Zona Glomerulosa, Zona fasciculata, Zona Reticularis, Medulla cells. |
| If blood is spun in a centrifuge what is packed down? In the middle?and on top? | Bottom: Erythocytes(RBC's) Middle:Buffy Coat=Leukocytes(WBC)&platelets Top: Plasma |
| Characteristics of blood are? | Sticky, opaque, metallic taste, dense, slightly alkaline, temo 100.4, measuring 4-6L pr.adult. |
| When performing a Differential WBC what do you do with your slide? | Zig~Zag motion, count 100 WBC's, and classify according to type in percentages. |
| What is the significance of A total WBC count? | Check for Leukocytosis for elevated #'s or leukopenia=decreased wbc's |
| What is the significance of total RBC count? | To check for Anemia=decreased RBC's or polycemia=increased RBC's |
| What does abnormal WBC counts along with reduced RBC's and platelets indicate? | Leukemia |
| Name the WBC's different cell types from most common-->least. | Neutrophils,Lymphocytes, monocytes, Eosinophils, basophils. *(N.ever L.et M.onkeys E.at B.ananas)* |
| Eosinophils attack? | Parasites |
| Elevated Basophils indicate? | An allergic reaction |
| Increased Lymphocytes means? | Possible infection |
| Monocytes differentiate into what? | Macrophages. |
| Define Hematocrit? | Test routinely done to check for anemia. AKA: packed cell volume(PCV) by using centerfuge, and cap tubes(heparinized) |
| What is used when determining Coagulation? | Unheparinized cap. tube(causes fibrin to break off into pieces) |
| What is the normal Coagulation time? | 2-6 minutes |
| When blood typing presence of clotting with anti-rh indicates? | An Rh+ person |
| Blood that clots with anti-A but not anti-B | Type B |
| Blood that didn't clumped with either Antibodies would be what? | type O |
| What is the universal recipient? | AB |
| All blood cells derive from? | A stem cell known as Hemocytoblast |
| What is the fetal disease known to be from an RH- mom,with Rh+ fetus? | Erythroblastosis fetalis |
| What is the largest artery in the body? | The Aorta |
| What is the Pulmonary flow of blood from Vena cava -->to lungs?Then Systemical flow onward back? | Vena Cavae->R.Atrium->R.Ventricle->Pulmonary arteries->Capillary beds->(gas exchange +O) ->pulmonary veins-> L.ATrium-> L.Ventricle-> Aorta and it branches->Cap. beds of all body tissues(gas exchange-O)->inferior Vena cavae |
| The left side of the Heart is specifically designated for? | Systemic circulation. High pressure expulsion & O2 rich/CO2 poor blood. (more muscular) |
| The right side of heart is more for? | Pulmonary circulation, O2poor/CO2 rich. |
| Typically veins carry O2 poor blood to heart& arteries transports O2 rich blood from heart to body, except in what? | The pulmonary circulation, the opposite occurs. (Veins= O2+blood to heart & Arteries=O2-from heart) |
| Name layers of heart superficial->deep? | Epicardium(w/adipose) Myocardium(muscle=contractions) Endocardium(lines heart chambers) |
| Which is more thicker&compose of more elastic, the aorta vs. Vena Cava? | The Aorta (so it may handle more higher volumes of pressure to disburse to distal portions of body.) |
| Which ventricle is thickest? | The Left (muscle side) |
| How do the sheeps valves & heart's anatomy compare to that of the humans? | It's the same |
| Describe smooth muscle? | Visceral, nonstriated(w.scattered uninuclei), and involuntary. |
| Describe Cardiac Muscle? | Only in heart! Striated, involuntary, branches uni-or binucleated, attached by discs. |
| Describe skeletal muscle? | Longest, most densely packed fibers of muscle tissues, obvious striations, voluntary,multinucleate |
| Where would you find sounds of the tricuspid valve? | Right sternal margin of 5th intercostal space |
| Where would you find sounds of the aortic valve? | Right sternal margin of 2nd intercostal space |
| If you move to left sternal margin, 2nd intercostal space which valve would you hear? | Pulmonary valve |
| and now moving downward over hearts apex @5th intercostal space, midline with clavicle, what sound is heard? | Mitral Valve |
| What is the amount of blood pumped out pr. minute? | The (CO) Cardiac output |
| What is the product of CO? | Heart rate and stroke volume |
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