Medical Definitions for all letters
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| ADH | A hormone that decreases the production of urine by increasing the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules.
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| amal | A mixture of combination
An alloy of mercury, silver, and other metals commonly used as dental filings.
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| ANS | The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary body functions, including the activity of the cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands.
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| AP | The heartbeat as heart with a stethoscope placed on the chest wall adjacent to the cardiac apex
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| ASHD | A thickening and hardening of the walls of the coronary arteries.
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| AV | pertaining to arteries and veins.
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| BBB | An inability of cardiac impulses to be conducted down the bundle branches (the network of specialized conducting fibers that transmit electrical impulses within the ventricles of the heart), causing a broaded and abnormally shaped QRS complex.
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| B&C | Biopsy- the removal of a small piece of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination to confirm of establish a diagnosis, estimated prognosis, or follow the course of a disease.
Conization- a cone biopsy
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| Barium enema | A rectal infusion of barium sulfate which is retained in the lower intestinal tract during the studies for diagnosis of obstruction, tumors, or other abnormalities, such as ulcerative colitis.
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| BMR | The amount of energy used in a unit of time by a fasting, resting subject to maintain vital function.
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| BSA | the total area exposed to the environment
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| BUN | A measure of the amount of urea in the blood. Urea forms in the liver as the end product of protein metabolism, circulates in the blood, and is excreted through the kidney in urine. The BUN is directly related to the metabolic function of liver and kidney
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| CAT | A radiographic technique that produces an image of a detailed cross section of tissue
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| Cath | A hollow flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel or cavity of the body to withdraw or instill fluids, directly monitor various types of information, and visualize vessel of cavity.
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| CBC | A determination of the number of red and white blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood
One of the most routinely performed test in a clinical lab and one of the most valuable screening and diagnostic techniques
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| CBR | The restriction of a patient to bed for therapeutic reasons for a prescribed period.
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| CC | A subjective statement made by a patient describing his/her most significant or serious symptom or signs of illness or dysfunction.
Used most often in health history
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| CCU | Coronary care unit- a critical care unit used for treating and monitoring patients experiencing acute cardiac episodes.
Critical Care unit- a specially equipped hospital area designed for the treatment of patients with sudden, life threatening conditions
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| CDC | A federal agency of the US government that provides facilities and services for the investigation, identification, prevention, and control of diseases.
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| CF | An inherited disorder of the exocrine glands, causing those glands to produce abnormally thick secretions of mucus, elevating sweat electrolytes, increase saliva, and other activity of the ANS
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| CHD | An abnormal condition that may affect the heart's arteries and produce pathogenic effects, especially the reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium.
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| CHF | An abnormal condition that reflects impaired cardiac pumping
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| chol | A waxy lipid soluble compound found only in animal tissue, It facilitates the absorption and transportation of fatty acids.
Normal levels = 150-200 mg/dL
Increased levels of LDL may be associated with pathogenesis of atherosclerosis
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| CICU | A hospital unit in which patients requiring monitoring and intensive care are kept
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| CMA | A person who, under the direction of a physician, performs various routine administration and non-technical clinical task in a hospital, clinic, or similar facility
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| CNP | A RN who has advanced education in nursing and clinical experiences in a specialized area of nursing practice. NPs are certified by passing an examination administered by a professional organization. They collaborate with other health care providers
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| CNS | One of the two main divisors or the nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord. The central nervous system processes information to and from the peripheral nervous system and is the main network of coordination and control for the entire body
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| Coronary Occlusion | An obstruction of an artery that supplies the heart muscle. When complete, it causes myocardial infarction; when complete, it may cause angina
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| COPD | A progressive and irreversible condition characterized by diminishing inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs. The patient complains of dyspnea with physical exertion, difficulty in inhaling or exhaling deeply, and sometimes a chronic cough
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| COTA | An allied health paraprofessional who, under the direction of an occupational therapist, directs an individual's participation in select task to restore, reinforce, and enhance performance.
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| CP | A motor function disorder caused by a permanent, non progressive brain defect of lesion present at birth or shortly after.
This disorder is usually associated with premature or abnormal birth and intrapartum asphyxia, causing damage to the nervous system
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| CPK | An enzyme that increases on blood levels when muscle damage has occurred
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| CPR | A basic emergency procedure for life support, consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massages.
It is used in cases of cardiac arrest to establish effective circulation and ventilation in order to prevent cerebral damage.
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| CPT | A system developed by the AMA for standardizing the terminology and coding used to describe medical services and procedures.
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| CRTT | A health care professional who performs routine care, management, and treatment of patients with respiratory disorders. Certification requires completion of an approved training course and passing of an examination.
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| CSF | The fluid that flows through and protects the four ventricles of the brain, the subarachnoid spaces, and the spinal cord.
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| CST | An allied health professional who prepares the operating room by selecting and opening sterile supplies; assembles, adjust, and checks non-sterile equipment to ensure it is in good working order; and operated sterilizers, lights, suction machines, etc
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| CT | A radioactive technique that produces an image of a detailed cross section of tissue
Formerly called computerized axial tomography
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| CVA | An abnormal condition of the brain characterized by occlusion by an embouls, thrombus, or cerebrovascualr hemorrhage or vasospasm, resulting in a ischemia of the brain tissue normally perfused by the damaged vessels. (Stroke)
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| D&C | Widening of the uterine cervix and scraping of the endometrium of the uterus. It is done to diagnose diseases of the uterus, or to empty the uterus of the products of conception. It is also performed to remove retained placental fragments after delivery.
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| DEA | An agency of the Drug Enforcement Administration of the federal government empowered to enforce regulations that control the import or export of narcotic drugs and certain other substances or the traffic of these substances across state lines.
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| DHHS | A cabinet-level department of the U.S. government with responsibility for the functions of various federal social welfare and health delivery agencies, such as the FDA.
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| Diff | An examination and enumeration of the distribution of leukocytes in a stained blood smear. The different kinds of white cells are counted and reported as percentages of the total examined. This provides more specific information related to infections.
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| DM | A complex disorder of carbohydrates, fat, and protein metabolism that is primarily a result of a deficiency or complete lack of insulin secretion by the cells of the pancreas or resistance to insulin.
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| DMS | An allied health professional who provides patient services, using diagnosis ultrasounds under the supervision of a doctor of medicine or osteopathy responsible for the use and interpretation of ultrasound procedures.
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| DNA | A large, double stranded, helical molecule that is the carrier of genetic information.
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| DRG | A group of patients classified for measuring a medical facility's delivery of care. The classification, used to determine Medicare payments for inpatient care, are based on primary and secondary diagnosis, primary and secondary procedures, age, and loh.
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| DT | An acute and sometimes fatal psychotic reactions caused by cessation of excessive intake of alcoholic beverages over a long period. Initial symptoms include loss of appetite, insomnia, and general restlessness, which are followed by agitation; excitement;
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| ECG | A graphic record produced by an electrocardiograph, a device for recording electrical conduction through the heart.
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| EEG | A graphic chart on which is traced the electric potential produced by brain cells, as detected by electrodes placed on the scalp. The test is designed to diagnose seizure disorders, brianstem disorders, focal lesions, and impaired consciousness.
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| elix | A clear liquid containing water, alcohol, sweeteners, or flavors, used primarily as a vehicle for the oral administration of a drug.
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| EMG | A record of intrinsic electric activity in a skeletal muscle. Such data aids in the diagnosis of neuromuscular problem and are obtained by applying surface electrodes or by inserting a needle electrode into the muscle and observing electric activity
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| EMS | A network of services coordinated to provide aid and medical assistance from primary response to definitive care, involving personnel trained in the rescue, stabilization, transportation, and advanced treatment of traumatic or medical emergencies.
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| EMT | A person trained in and responsible for the administration of specialized emergency care and the transportation of victims of acute illness or injury to a medical facility, based on national standards developed by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
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| ER | In a health care facility, a section of an institution that is staffed and equipped to provide rapid and varied emergency care, especially for those who are stricken with sudden and acute illnesses or who are the victims of severe trauma.
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| ESR | The rate at which red blood cells settle out in a tube of unclotted blood, expressed in millimeters per hour. Faster settlement shows inflammation in the body
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| et, etiol | The study of all factors that may be involved in the development of a disease, including the susceptibility of the patient, the nature of the disease agent, and the way in which the patient's body is invaded by the agent
The cause of a disease.
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| Ex, exam | A critical inspection and investigation, usually following a particular method, performed for diagnostic or investigational purposes.
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| Exc | The process of excising(to remove completely) or amputation.
In molecular genetics, the process by which a genetic element is removed from a strand of DNA.
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| Exp | Pertaining to investigation, as in exploratory surgery.
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| FBS | Blood test that measure blood serum levels of glucose after a person has had nothing by mouth for a period of time.
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| FC | A rubber catheter with a balloon tip to be filled with sterile fluid after it has been placed in the bladder. This kind of catheter is used when continuous drainage of the bladder is desired, such as in surgery, or when repeated urinary catheterization.
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| FDA | An U.S. federal agency responsible for the enforcement of federal regulations on the manufacture and distribution of food, drugs, and cosmetics intended to prevent the sale of impure or dangerous substance.
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| FH, FHR | The number of heartbeats in the fetus that occur in a given unit of time. The FHR varies in cycles of fetal rest and activity and is affected by many factors, including maternal fever, uterine contractions, and many drugs. The normal is 110-160 b/m
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| Fr, Fx | A traumatic injury to a bone in which the continuity of the bone tissue is broken. A fracture is classified by the bone involved, the part of that bone, and the nature of the break, such as a comminuted fracture of the head of the tibia.
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| FSH | A gonadotropin(hormonal substance) that stimulates the growth and maturation of graafian follicles in the ovary and promotes spermatogenesis in the male. It is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, especially during the resting phase of menstruation.
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| FUO | A fever of any duration that proves to be a cause for study and for which there is at least at first no discovery of the cause despite intensive search.
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| GA | Examination of the contents of the stomach, primarily to determine the quantity of acid present and incidentally to ascertain the presence of blood, bile, bacteria, and abnormal cells.
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| GB | A pear shaped excretory sac lodged near the liver; concentrates and stores bile.
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| Gc | Gonococcus- a nonmotile aerobic microorginism. It is a parasite of the mucous membrane and the cause of gonorrhea.
Gonorrhea- a common STD that most often affects the genitourinary tract and occasionally the rectum. Infants may contract from birth.
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| GI | Pertaining to the organs of the GI tract, from mouth to anus.
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| GTT | A test of the body's ability to metabolize CHO by administering a standard dose of glucose and measuring the blood and urine of glucose level at regular intervals thereafter. Used to diagnose diabetes or other disorders that affect CHO metabolism.
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| GU | Referring to the genital and urinary systems of the body; the organ structures, functions, or both.
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| Gyn | The study of disease of the female reproductive system, including the breast. Unlike most specialties in medicine, gynecology encompasses surgical and nonsugical expertise. It almost always studied and practiced in conjunction with obstetrics.
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| H2O2 | A topical antiinfectant
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| H, (h), hypo | pertaining to the area below the skin
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| HBP | Also called hypertension
A common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140/90 mmHg. Risk is increased by obesity, high sodium levels, hypercholestrolemia, and family history.
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| HBV | A viral hepatitis caused by hep. B.
The virus is transmitted by transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, by sexual contact with infected person, or by the use of contaminated needles and instruments.
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| HCG | A chemical component of the urine of pregnant women and pregnant mares.
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| HCl | An aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride or hydrogen ions and chlorine ions.
Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the stomach and is major component of gastric juices.
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| hct | A measure of the packed cell volume of red cells, expressed as percentage of the total blood volume. The normal range is between 43% and 49% in men, and between 37% and 43% in women.
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| HDL | Healthy type of cholesterol.
A plasma protein made mainly in the liver and containing about 50% lipoprotein along with cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids and is involved in transporting cholesterol, and other lipids.
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| Hgb, Hb | A complex protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells and to the lungs
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| HIV | AIDS virus
A retrovirus that causes AIDS
Transmitted through contact with an infected person's blood, serum, breast milk,cervical secretions, or synovial fluids
Incubation averages 10 years.
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| HMO | A type of group health care practice that provides basic and supplemental health maintenance and treatment services to voluntary enrollees who prepay a fixed periodic fee that is without regard to the amount or kind of services received.
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| HOSA | A national organization for students enrolled in health occupational programs.
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| Hyst | Surgical removal of the uterus
Total: uterus & cervix
Radical: ovaries, oviducts, lymph nodes, and lymph
Menstruation ceases after wither type.
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| ICD | An official list of categories of diseases, physical and mental, issued by the World Health Organization. It is used primarily for morbidity and mortality data. Any nation belonging to the WHO may adjust the classification to meet specific needs.
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| ID | Within the dermis.
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| IDDM | Known as type 1 DM - an inability to metabolize CHO because of absolute insulin deficiency, occurring in children and adults. It is characterized by excessive thirst, increased urination, increased desire to eat, loss of weight, and diminished strength.
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| IH | Known as hep A - a viral hep caused by the hep A virus, characterized by slow onset of signs and symptoms. The virus may be spread through fecal contaminated food or water. The infection most often occurs in young adults, who later recover.
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| IM | Pertaining to the interior of muscle tissue.
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| imp | A mold of a part of the mouth or other part of the body form which a replacement or prosthesis may be formed.
The examiner's diagnosis or assessment of a problem, disease, or condition.
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| inf | The introduction of a substance, such as a fluid, electrolyte, nutrient, or drug, directly into a vein or interstitially by means of gravity flow.
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| inf | Situated below or lower than the given point of reference, as the feet are inferior to the legs.
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| ing | pertaining to the groin.
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| IPPB | A form of assisted or controlled respiration produced by a ventilatory apparatus in which compressed gas is delivered under positive pressure into a person's airways until a preset pressure is reached. Passive exhalation is allowed through a valve.
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| IT | A treatment in which a substance is introduced into the respiratory tract with inspired air. Oxygen, water, and various drugs may be administrated by techniques of inhalation therapy.
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| IUD | A contraceptive device.
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| IV | Pertaining to the inside of vein.
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| IVP | A radiographic technique for examining the structure and function of the urinary system. Tumors, cysts, stones, and many structural and functional abnormalities may be diagnosed with this technique.
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| K | Potassium in the body constitutes the predominant intracellular cation, helping to regulate neuromuscular excitability and muscle contraction. Sources of potassium in the diet are whole grains, meat, legumes, fruits, and vegetables.
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| KCl | A white crystalline salt used as a substitute for table salt in the diet of people with cardiovascular disorders.
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| L | Pertaining to the part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis.
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| Lap | A surgical incision into the peritoneal cavity.
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| LDH | Enzyme found in all body tissues. It plays an important role in cellular respiration, the process by which glucose from food is converted into usable energy for our cells.
LDH test is used to screen for tissue damage.
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