WVSOM -- Biomechanics of Phonation + swallowing
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| What are the 9 cartilages of the larynx? | thyroid, cricoid, epiglottic, arytenoids (2), corniculates (2), and cuneiform (2)
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| What are the vertebral levels of the larynx? | C3-6
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| What is the function of the larynx? | phonation and guarding the airway
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| What does the lateral cricoarytenoid m do? | adducts the vocal folds
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| What does the arytenoid mm do? | adducts the arytenoid cartilege
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| What dos the posterior cricoarytenoid do? | abducts the vocal folds, allows for whispering and breathing
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| What muscles act as the sphincter of the phayrnx? | combination of teh lateral cricoarytenoid, arytenoids and the aryepiglottic mm to pull arytenoid cartilages toward the epicglottis
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| When are the sphnicter muscles important? | swallowing
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| what is the function of the cricothyroid mm? | tilts the thyroid anteriorly to raise the pitch of the voice. Increases the length of and tightens teh vocal fold
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| What innervates the cricothyroid mm? | external layrengeal n.
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| What is the function of the thyroarytenoid mm? | lowers pitch but shortening and relaxing teh vocal folds by pulling the arytenoids anteriorly
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| What is the function of the vocalis? | selectively tense and relaxes parts of the vocal ligaments
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| What nerve innervates all of the intrinsic muscles of teh pharynx except the cricothyroid mm.? | inferior laryngeal n.
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| What are the two branches of the inferior laryngeal n? | internal and external laryngeal n
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| What does the internal laryngeal n innervate? | sensory to the vestibule and middle cavity
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| What artery does the internal laryngeal n travel with? | superior laryngeal a.
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| What does the external laryngeal n innervate? | motor to crico thyroid and contributes to teh pharyngeal plexus
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| What artery does the external laryngeal n travel with? | superior thyroid a.
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| What does the inferior layrngeal n innervate? | sensory to infraglottic cavity
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| What artery does the inferior laryngeal n. travel with? | inferior laryngeal a.
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| What are the two branches of teh inferior laryngeal n? | posterior and anterior brnaches
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| What does the anterior branch of the inferior pharyngeal n. innervate? | motor to all intrinsic muscles except cricoarytenoid and arytenoid
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| What does teh posterior branch of the inferior pharyngeal n. innervate? | cricoarytenoid adn arytenoid
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| Where does the superior laryngeal a. travel? | dives thru thyrohyoid membrane to larynx
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| What is the inferior laryngeal artery a branch of? | inferior thyroid a.
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| How do the veins of the larynx travel? | accompany arteries
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| Where does the superior laryngeal v. drain? | into sup. thyroid v. and then into inf. vena cava
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| What does the inferior laryngeal v drain into? | inferior thyroid and then into left brachiocephallic v.
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| What are teh lymphatics to the larynx superior to the vocal folds? | superior deep cervcial lymph nodes
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| What are the lymphatics inferior to teh vocal folds? | pretracheal and paratracheal lymph nodes to inferior deep cervical lymph nodes
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| What are the 6 steps to swallowing? | move food with tongue, seal off nasal cavity, elevate adn enlarge pharynx, elevate hyoid and larynx, propel food, depress hyoid and layrnx, and relax UES
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